A key question concerning social norms is whether norms that are bad for its members can survive. This paper argues that when identical workers have the outside option to join a competing ̄rm with a di®erent norm, good norms can exist only in the presence of bad norms. With non contractible e®ort, agents cannot credibly commit to cooperation when all outside options are equally good. This is pr...

Under section 1115 of the Social Security Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services has the authority to waive many provisions in the Medicaid and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) statutes. Section 1115 demonstrations have long been an important vehicle for states to not only expand health insurance coverage, but also provide a launching pad for changes to their underlyin...

Background Special Autonomy policy grants greater authority for Papua government to manage, organise and finance the province in improving social economic development. Papua province received Special Autonomy status along with other provinces; West Papua and Aceh. As part of that policy, Papua receives special funding from the central government called Special Autonomous Fund (Dana OTSUS). OTSU...

Different models have been proposed for improving the results of Web search by taking into account the link structure of the Web. The PageRank algorithm models the behavior of a random surfer alternating between random jumps to new pages and following out links with equal probability. We propose to improve on PageRank by using an intelligent surfer that combines link structure and content to de...

This paper studies the political and social impacts of increased education by utilizing a randomized girls' merit scholarship programme in Kenya that raised test scores and secondary schooling. Consistent with the view that education empowers the disadvantaged to challenge authority, we find that the programme reduced the acceptance of domestic violence and political authority. Young women in p...

This paper examines the tension between ICT users and legitimate authority in a network society. To explore this tension, this study reports a case study in the setting of a Taiwanese Christian church, particularly how the church authority was affected by the adoption of new technology. Drawing from a circuits of power perspective, the result of this study reveals that the intertwined relations...

The current instability in Colombia derives from the interaction and resulting synergies of an underground criminal drug economy and the growth of armed challenges to the state’s authority. The first source of instability is reflected in the pervasive influence of drug networks and their infiltration of key societal institutions; the second lies in the growth of guerrilla armies, paramilitaries...

CONTEXT This work was commissioned by a local authority social services department. In the context of increasing budgetary pressures and changes consequent on the implementation of the community care legislation the authority sought to make changes in the nature of its service provision in the light of the best available information. The overall aim of this study, therefore, was to estimate the...

The Beckerian approach to tax compliance examines how a tax authority can maximize social welfare by trading-off audit probability against the fine rate on undeclared tax. This paper offers an alternative examination of the privately optimal behavior of a tax authority tasked by government to maximize expected revenue. The tax authority is able to trade-off audit probability against audit effec...

to intervene inmiediately in crisis situations, and worked out a shorter and more practical technique of interviewing than social workers are traditionally taught. I suspect that many more social workers would do the same if given the chance. At present most of them can only be contacted during office hours and then only if the clerk in the social services department office chooses to tell them...