The first part of this paper provides a broad evaluation of the performance of the Indian economy (including cross country comparisons) and highlights the economic crisis faced by India in June, 1991. This crisis proved to be a turning point for the economy, providing the impetus for the initiation of revolutionary though studied and pragmatic economic reforms by the then Congress government. A...

Asia is the most populous continent on earth. Changes in inequality or poverty in this region alter the corresponding global picture. Due to its remarkable economic growth and catch up in living standards, Asia has been an equalizing force in constituting international inequality. However, within-country inequalities in Asia are fast rising, which have contributed to the slow down in poverty re...

The congestion of the city area within the walls along the 19th century and the economic and social crisis of historic centres during most of the 20th century led to their deterioration. The theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of domestic improvement and reform programmes have changed with time. With the beginning of the new century, urban dynamics in a globalized space a...

Brazil recently overtook the UK as the sixth largest economy, a measure of the strong economic growth experienced since 2003. Growth has been intensely propoor, and both poverty and inequality have declined significantly in the last decade. What explains the unexpected success shown by Brazil in combining sustained economic growth with a reduction in poverty and inequality? Some researchers sug...

All of the recent empirical work on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth has used inequality data that are not consistently measured. This paper argues that this is inappropriate and shows that the significant negative correlation often found between income inequality and growth across countries is not robust when income inequality is measured in a consistent manner, u...

As the United States approaches the twenty-first century... in an information-based, transnational and managerial economy, it is becoming increasingly apparent that if we do not better negotiate race and ethnicity in our society, we will not adequately solve the problems of economic inequality and discrimination. Racial and/or ethnic divisions and competition shape our efforts to understand and...

In the United States, urbanization processes have resulted in a large variety-or "continuum"-of urban landscapes. One entry point for understanding the variety of landscape characteristics associated with different forms of urbanization is through a characterization of vegetative (green) land covers. Green land covers-i.e., lawns, parks, forests-have been shown to have a variety of both positiv...

This study builds on research demonstrating that sub-regions within the United States have different processes that abet poverty and that child poverty is spatially differentiated. We focus on the social attributes of the local area to assess what the geographic place represents in terms of social characteristics, namely racial/ethnic composition and economic structure, and to resolve apparent ...