The role of population size is investigated within a neutrality induced local optima free search space. Neutrality decouples genotypic variation in evolvability from fitness variation. Population diversity and neutrality work in conjunction to facilitate evolvability exploration whilst restraining its loss to drift, ultimately facilitating the evolution of evolvability. The characterising dynam...

We introduce a parameter space for periodic point sets, given as a union of m translates of a point lattice. In it we investigate the behavior of the sphere packing density function and derive sufficient conditions for local optimality. Using these criteria we prove that perfect, strongly eutactic lattices cannot be locally improved to yield a denser periodic sphere packing. This in particular ...

iran is one f the biggest oil producer and exporter of the world. due to the special administrative and constitutional structure of the country, i.e. economic, social and political reasons, the government budget and revenues depend heavily on oil exports. the aim of this article is to suggest a theoretical proposal on the optimum level of non-oil exports such that it will clear up the idea of e...