High concentrations of acid were found to arise from the interaction between molten rock and seawater at the shoreline of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. A series of field samplings and experiments show that the acid was derived from two sources: the release of magmatic volatiles and water–rock reactions. Although the bulk of the magmatic volatiles (CO2, H2O, and SO2) are vented at Puu Oo cinder cone ...

" A, a saturated solution of sulphanilic acid in dilute (1 in 20) hydrochloric acid; B, a ?5 per cent, solution of sodic nitrite in distilled water. (Both of these solutions must be fresh?especially the latter, which cannot be depended on for more than a week at the longest. When they are mixed, of course, a solution of sulphanilic acid containing free nitrous acid is produced, which is the act...

High contents of soluble salts accumulated in a soil can significantly decrease the value and productivity of agricultural lands. Present recommendations for reclamation are usually based only on relatively simple and often empirical relations. In this paper we give a brief overview of many unique physical and chemical factors important to reclamation contained in the one-dimensional multicompo...