BACKGROUND This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the opioid-sparing effectiveness and clinical safety of parecoxib sodium over 48 h, in 195 postoperative patients after routine total knee replacement surgery. METHODS Elective total primary knee arthroplasty was performed under spinal anaesthesia, with a single dose of spinal bupivacaine 10-20 mg, and intraoperative...

reaction of tryptamine 1 with dimethyl -3-methoxyallylidenemalonate 2 afforded n?-[4,4-bis (methoxycarbonyl)-1,3-butadienyl] tryptamine 3 which in combination with acetylchloride and pyridine in dichloromethane gave n?, n?-[acetyl]-[(4,4-dinethoxycarbonyl) 1,3butadienyl] tryptamine 4. treatment of 3 with sodium hydroxide afforded 2h[n-(3-indolyl) ethyl] 2-oxo-3-methoxycarbonyl-1-pyridine 5. cyc...

The sigma-1 receptor is widely distributed in the central nervous system and periphery. Originally mischaracterized as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor binds a vast number of synthetic compounds but does not bind opioid peptides; it is currently considered an orphan receptor. The sigma-1 receptor pharmacophore includes an alkylamine core, also found in the endogenous compound N,N-dimeth...

Female sex hormones protect against the development of Dahl hypertension mediated by increases in dietary sodium. The role of female sex hormones in the reversal of Dahl hypertension mediated by decreases in dietary sodium is unknown. The goal of this study was to identify sex differences in the reversal of Dahl hypertension and the associated changes in water and electrolyte homeostasis. Male ...

The group-specific protein reagents, N-bromacetamide (NBA) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), modify sodium channel gating when perfused inside squid axons. The normal fast inactivation of sodium channels is irreversibly destroyed by 1 mM NBA or NBS near neutral pH. NBA apparently exhibits an all-or-none destruction of the inactivation process at the single channel level in a manner similar to inter...

Brain water and sodium increase during ischemia, suggesting that the blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium is increased. To test this hypothesis we measured the permeability-surface area products of 22Na and [3H]sucrose in gerbils following 3 hours of unilateral ischemia. In animals with neurologic symptoms, unilateral carotid occlusion reduced the cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral ce...

Decreasing population sodium intake has been identified as a "best buy" for reducing non-communicable disease. The aim of this study was to explore 10-year changes in the sodium content of New Zealand processed foods. Nutrient data for nine key food groups were collected in supermarkets in 2003 (n = 323) and 2013 (n = 885). Mean (SD) and median (min, max) sodium content were calculated by food ...

abstract efficient use and management of organic matter are important aspects of sustainable agricultural. organic matter is relatively low in majority of soils in iran, and continuous use of n fertilizer would create environmental hazards. therefore, the combined use of n fertilizer and organic wastes is an effective strategy. the purpose of this study was investigating of residual effects of ...

Some aryl and heteroaryl azido compounds were synthesized from the reaction of corresponding fluoro and chloro compounds with sodium azide in DMF as solvent and under various reaction conditions especially ultrasonic irradiation. Reaction of aromatic and heteroaromatic azido compound with thioacetic acid in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate and in methanol as solvent led to the differen...

Dehydration of N -formamides to isocyanides using p -toluen sulphonyl chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate in aqueous micelles is reported.