Abstract We explore whether the growth dynamics paradigm of causal set theory is compatible with past-infinite sets. modify classical sequential Rideout and Sorkin to accommodate ‘into past’ discuss what form physical constraints such as causality could take in this new framework. propose convex-suborders ‘observables’ or ‘physical properties’ a which sets can be use proposal construct manifest...

BACKGROUND Governments, multinational organisations, and charities have commenced the distribution of sanitary products to address current deficits in girls' menstrual management. The few effectiveness studies conducted have focused on health and education outcomes but have failed to provide quantitative assessment of girls' preferences, experiences of absorbents, and comfort. Objectives of the...

Soiling consists of the accumulation dust on solar panel's surface and has a deleterious effect photovoltaic devices' performance, which varies with location. However, soiling losses rates are significantly under-reported or underestimated since regional differences seasonal variations overlooked. Accurate prediction PV for particular location can save revenue associated system. This research i...

The choice of a particular PV technology for best performance is sometimes based upon single factor or operating condition. However, many parameters have functionalities that oppose each under actual conditions. In this paper, the comparisons different module technologies moderate environmental conditions (Tropical Climate Zone, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) are explored two competing soiling-layer s...

Abstract Soiling, particulate accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) module surfaces, reduces the available solar resource and resulting generated device power. This case-study summarizes initial results of 5-year research contrasting soiling conditions in tropical, subtropical, semi-arid climates Brazil. A major objective is to present a case study effects PV performance different Brazil climate zo...