Several sub-Saharan militaries have large percentages of troops with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With the arrival of avian influenza in Africa, the potential exists that some of those soldiers might also become infected with H5N1, the virus responsible for the disease. Two possible scenarios have been postulated regarding how such a coinfection of HIV ...

Every year Soldiers become lost or injured. This project gives the ability to track where Soldiers are at any given moment. Search and rescue efforts become minimized in time and resources. Additionally, with alert feature Soldiers will be able to communicate their distress with GPS coordinate information. Location tracking has been of great importance since World War II, when military planners...

The present study aimed to evaluate posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems in former Ugandan child soldiers in comparison with civilian children living in the same conflict setting. Participants included 133 former child soldiers and 101 never-abducted children in northern Uganda, who were interviewed about exposure to traumatic war-related ...

Soldier-producing polyembryonic waSPS are the only social animals that develop as parasites inside the bodies of other insects. Characterizing the kin composition of broods is central to understanding the evolution of the soldier caste in these unique social insects. Here we studied the role of soldiers in mediating the outcome of competition among clones of the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma fl...

Novel infectious diseases are recognized when nonimmune persons move into the ecologic niche of a pathogen and become inadvertent hosts. One population at frequent risk to such emerging pathogens is the military. Historical examples of this phenomenon include outbreaks of scrub typhus during World War II and Korean hemorrhagic fever during the Korean War (1). In this report, we describe a moder...

Formal tests over the last decade indicate that American soldiers using the AN/PSS-12 handheld mine detector and Army-approved techniques consistently find less than 20 percent of low-metal mines. 1,2,3,4 Too often this poor performance is rationalized by assuming that the detector itself is just not capable of detecting low-metal mines. Yet, at the same time, professional, commercial, civilian...

BACKGROUND It is widely known that more boys are born during and immediately after wars, but there has not been any ultimate (evolutionary) explanation for this 'returning soldier effect'. Here, I suggest that the higher sex ratios during and immediately after wars might be a byproduct of the fact that taller soldiers are more likely to survive battle and that taller parents are more likely to ...