Continuous cost reduction of silicon-based solar cells is needed to lower the process time and increase efficiency. To achieve lower costs, screen-printed texture-barrier (SPTB) paste was first developed for single-side texturization (ST) of the interdigitated back-contact (IBC) for silicon-based solar cell applications. The SPTB paste was screen-printed on silicon substrates. The SPTB paste wa...

BACKGROUND Earthworms are an ecosystem's engineers, contributing to a wide range of nutrient cycling and geochemical processes in the ecosystem. Their activities can increase rates of silicate mineral weathering. Their intestinal microbes usually are thought to be one of the key drivers of mineral degradation mediated by earthworms,but the diversities of the intestinal microorganisms which were...

Millet is a grass that has been highlighted for silage production, especially being productive tropical plant, and undemanding concerning soil fertility. Silicon (Si) an alternative low-cost solution to increase biomass it noticed be beneficial plants, when there are stress conditions. So, we analyzed the effects of foliar silicon application gas exchanges, dry economic efficiency. We used comp...

optimal nutrition of grapevine is one of the most important factors that affect the quantity, quality and time of fruit ripening. to increase the quantity and quality of ‘askari’ cultivar, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at shahrekord in 2010. treatments consisted of four levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer (zero, 300, 600 an...

several plant growth regulators are used to improve the quality of cut flower in bulb plants, but their effectiveness depends on genotype and plant growth conditions such as nutrition status. a pot experiment was conducted under farm condition to study benzyl adenine (ba) and potassium nitrate interaction on floret diameter, stem diameter, flower height, flower number per bulb, fresh and dry we...

We have fabricated high quality sol-gel derived silicate and aluminoborosilicate thin films deposited on silicon substrates. From capacitance vs voltage measurements we observe low interface trap densities (<10H/cm2eV) and very low densities of slow interface state (<101~ 2) in most films investigated. We have been able to make significant improvements over previous sol-gel derived oxides on si...

Silicon is essential for some plants, diatoms, and sponges but, in higher animals, its endogenous regulation has not been demonstrated. Silicate ions may be natural ligands for aluminum and here we show that, in the freshwater snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), intracellular silicon seems specifically up-regulated in response to sublethal aluminum exposure. X-ray microanalysis showed that exposure of s...

Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is a promising cementing material for winter construction due to its continuous hydration at sub-zero temperature. In order obtain higher mechanical strength of AAS mortar in construction, the most efficient alkali activator should be selected. Potassium silicate and sodium as alkaline activators possess high rate ordinary showed different properties because cations,...

In this study, studies were carried out to take into solution the element rubidium (Rb), which is in complex ore structure of Na + K feldspar, pyroxene and alumina silicate, an environmentally sensitive manner with high efficiency. Malatya - Kuluncak was used study. first stage roasting method tried obtain chloride (RbCl) or sulphate (Rb2SO4) structures, are water-soluble forms sodium-potassium...