The sounds of language change due to sociological, grammatical, physiological, and perceptual reasons. I will not be concerned in this paper with those changes due to sociological or grammatical factors, that is, those which are essentially unique to a given language at a given period in time. Rather, I will discuss those sound changes which have been observed in a wide variety of unrelated lan...

The determination of heavy metal ions, such as nickel, in environmental and biological samples is very importance and can hardly be overemphasized because they have undoubtedly a serious potential hazard to the human organism. Nickel was long thought to be essential to plants and some domestic animals[1], but not considered to be a metal of biological importance until 1975, when Zerner discover...

The copy, or manuscript, editor is the person who prepares a manuscript for the final printing process. Ideally, the author and the copy editor work together to produce a published article that pleases both the author and the readers and that meets the publication standards of the Journal. Undoubtedly, some authors do not understand the responsibilities of the copy editor. The best articles are...

Previous studies have shown that indigenous beetle diversity reflects indigenous plant diversity in modified and remnant habitats. This study examines the indigenous: introduced relationship at a locality where degraded pasture has been progressively revegetated. Pitfall traps were used to collect beetles from three revegetated sites of different ages (5, 17 and 100 years) and in a coastal Mueh...

By means of a Q-banding technique, virtually every chromosome in two heteroploid mouse cell lines, RAG and MSWBS, has been identified. The origin of 60 to 80% of the chromosomes has been established; the remaining chromo somes can be identified as markers characteristic of the cell line. The extent of chromosome heterogeneity has been ex amined and compared in these two mouse tumor cell lines. ...

WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT The subtribe Flaveriinae (Asteraceae: Helenieae) includes a number of plant species sometimes called yellowtops, glowworts, and false broomweed. Different species of this subtribe differ in their chemical pathways involved in photosynthesis. Somes species use a system known as C 3 photosynthesis, some use a system known as C 4 photosynthesis, and others display charac...

BACKGROUND Rhinoplasty "open" represents a surgical technique to access to the internal structures of the nose; it is an alternative to more traditional "closed" rhinoplasty. However, both these techniques have some advantages and some disadvantages. In this work the authors describe a case that shows the steps of a new surgical technique: the "semi-open" rhinoplasty. METHODS The "semi-open" ...

The indications for surgical decompression of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are not clearly defined, but undoubtedly some patients benefit from it. In patients without recent abdominal incisions, it can be achieved with full-thickness laparostomy (either midline, or transverse subcostal) or through a subcutaneous linea alba fasciotomy. In spite of the improvement in physiological variabl...

Transitional justice is becoming more and more an interdisciplinary field of study with interesting developments, not only in the assessment of a wide number of casestudies, but also in the evaluation of increasingly more articulated theoretical problems. Undoubtedly, a robust collection of literature has now accumulated also on the more theoretically-oriented side. The present essay, far from ...

Ricklefs's recent call to investigate ecological processes at large scales helps focus ecologists' attention on an undoubtedly important topic. However, we believe that some of his accompanying arguments for the primacy of such work and, in particular, for the need to "disintegrate" the local community concept are flawed. We revisit Ricklefs's main tenets and demonstrate that research on local ...