The 1997-98 El Nino was, by some measures, the strongest on record, with major climatic impacts felt around the world. A newly completed tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean observing system documented this El Nino from its rapid onset to its sudden demise in greater detail than was ever before possible. The unprecedented measurements challenge existing theories about El Nino-related climate swing...

La Paz is a beautiful Andean city surrounded by glaciers of the Eastern Mountain Range of the Andes. Among these, the Illimani stands out as handsome and majestic-Apu[1] is the guardian of its inhabitants and of the smaller mountains that surround it. More than two million inhabitants take shelter in this scene of urban valleys and the altiplano: La Paz and El Alto are two cities with intense h...

The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of climate variability affecting worldwide extreme weather events; therefore, improving ENSO prediction is an important issue. In this regard, a peculiar time evolution of ENSO in 2014 posed a challenge to the climate science community. Despite the observance of several precursors for a strong El Niño to develop during the summer and ...

Vertical mixing is an important factor in determining the temperature, sharpness and depth of the equatorial Pacific thermocline, which are critical to the development of El Ninõ and Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Yet, properties, dynamical causes and large-scale impacts of vertical mixing in the thermocline are much less understood than that nearer the surface. Here, based on Argo float and the ...

Malaria as a disease has been identified in Egypt since ancient times. Malaria was endemic in almost all parts of the country but prevalence showed a steady decrease by 1990, and regressed in most of the Governorates. Then by the end of 1998 till now Egypt become free from local transmission of malaria. All reported cases were imported mainly from Sudan. However, the outbreak of falciparum (1 c...

MiniBooNE (Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment) searches for the νμ → νe oscillations with ∆m2 ∼ 1 eV2/c4 indicated by the LSND experiment. The LSND evidence, when taken with the solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations, suggests new physics beyond the Standard Model. However, this evidence has not been confirmed by other experiments. MiniBooNE has completed its first νμ → νe oscillation search...

The dynamics of the tether linking methanethiosulfonate (MTSSL) spin probes to alpha-helices has been investigated with the purpose of rationalizing its effects on ESR line shapes. Torsional profiles for the chain bonds have been calculated ab initio, and steric interactions with the alpha-helix and the neighboring residues have been introduced at the excluded-volume level. As a consequence of ...

Estuaries are dynamic environments at the land-sea interface that are strongly affected by interannual climate variability. Ocean-atmosphere processes propagate into estuaries from the sea, and atmospheric processes over land propagate into estuaries from watersheds. We examined the effects of these two separate climate-driven processes on pelagic and demersal fish community structure along the...

KARMEN, the KArlsruhe Rutherford Medium Energy Neutrino experiment, is located at the pulsed spallation neutron source ISIS of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. In the ISIS beam stop ν µ , ν e and ¯ ν µ are produced from the π + –µ + decay chain at rest with energies up to 52.8 MeV. Besides a very low ¯ ν e contamination, ISIS stands out for its unique time structure. This allows for a highly...