Abstract The accurate determination of the spatial trends on variability a species’ gene pool is essential to elucidate underlying demographic-evolutionary events, thus helping unravel microevolutionary history population under study. Herein we present new software called GenoCline, mainly addressed detect genetic clines from allele, haplotype, and genome-wide data. This program package allows ...

Spectral analysis of the spatial structure solar subphotospheric convection is carried out for subsurface flow maps constructed using time--distance helioseismological technique. The source data are obtained from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) 2010 May to 2020 September. A spherical-harmonic transform applied horizontal-velocity-divergence field ...

to estimate population density of the cabbage aphid, brevicoryne brassicae (l.), a stratified random sampling was conducted in two unsprayed canola fields in isfahan (central iran) during 2011-2012. population density was determined for apterous, and alates, as well as the total population, at two plant growth phases (pgp1: from plant emergence to the end of rosette, and pgp2: from the beginnin...

A watershed management program is usually based on the results of watershed modeling. Accurate modeling results are decided by the appropriate parameters and input data. Precipitation is the most important input for watershed modeling. Precipitation characteristics usually exhibit significant spatial variation, even within small watersheds. Therefore, properly describing the spatial variation o...

One general approach for assessing whether phenotypic variation is due to selection is to test its correlation with presumably neutral molecular variation. Neutral variation is determined by population history, the most likely alternative explanation of spatial genetic structure, whereas phenotypic variation may be influenced by the spatial pattern of selection pressure. Several methods for com...