Complex spike (CS) synchrony patterns are modulated by the release of GABA within the inferior olive (IO). The GABAergic projection to most of the IO arises from the cerebellar nuclei, which are themselves subject to strong inhibitory control by Purkinje cells in the overlying cortex. Moreover, the connections between the IO and cerebellum are precisely aligned, raising the possibility that eac...

Predicting species distributions at scales of regions to continents is often necessary, as largescale phenomena influence the distributions of spatially structured populations. Land use and land cover are important large-scale drivers of species distributions, and landscapes are known to create species occurrence thresholds, where small changes in a landscape characteristic results in abrupt ch...

37 To compute spatially correct smooth pursuit eye movements, the brain uses both retinal 38 motion and extraretinal signals about the eyes and head in space (Blohm and Lefèvre 2010). 39 However, when smooth eye movements rely solely on memorized target velocity, such as during 40 anticipatory pursuit, it is unknown if this velocity memory also accounts for extraretinal 41 information such as h...

In the three decades since its introduction, resource selection analysis (RSA) has become a widespread method for analyzing spatial patterns of animal relocations obtained from telemetry studies. Recently, mechanistic home range models have been proposed as an alternative framework for studying patterns of animal space-use. In contrast to RSA models, mechanistic home range models are derived fr...

The previous study (Wang and Voth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12192) has shown that the nonpolar alkyl cationic tail groups of ionic liquids can aggregate and form nanoscale spatial heterogeneity. To facilitate applications of ionic liquids under nonequilibrium conditions, it is of great interest to see how this spatial heterogeneity of ionic liquids changes when an external electric field is...

Extended Abstract. Inferences for spatial data are affected substantially by the spatial configuration of the network of sites where measurements are taken. Consider the following standard data-model framework for spatial data. Suppose a continuous, spatially-varying quantity, Z, is to be observed at a predetermined number, n, of points ....[ To Countinue Click here]

The temporal and spatial changes in intracellular calcium levels during separate activation of parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells were studied. PF stimulation (1 Hz), at relatively high stimulus strengths, led to accumulations of calcium that were similar in peak levels to those following CF stimulation but that remained spatially localized. Such sti...