Dark solitons and localized defect modes against periodic backgrounds are considered in arrays of waveguides with defocusing Kerr nonlinearity constituting a nonlinear lattice. Bright supported by local increase the nonlinearity, while dark decrease nonlinearity. exist for both types defect, although case weak they feature side bright humps making total energy propagating through system larger ...

Uridine-5'-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), the critical step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, which is a housekeeping plastid process in higher plants, was investigated in a marine diatom, the most crucial primary producer in the marine environment. A mutagenesis using an alkylation agent, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, was carried out to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Cells...

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium distributions of molecular aggregates in a solution of a nonionic surfactant are investigated at the total surfactant concentration above the second critical micelle concentration (CMC2). The investigation is not limited by the choice of a specific micellar model. Expressions for the direct and reverse fluxes of molecular aggregates over the potential humps of the...

Shortening the duration of a Gaussian-shaped 2-kHz tone-pip causes the intensity-difference limen !DL" to depart from the ‘‘near-miss to Weber’s law’’ and swell into a mid-level hump #Nizami et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2505–2515 !2001"$. For some subjects the size of this hump approaches or exceeds the size reported for longer tones under forward masking, suggesting that forward masking mi...