Industry lobbying remains an obstacle to effective health-oriented alcohol policy. In 2013, an increase in excise tax on spirits was announced by the Polish government. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the public debate that ensued on the potential economic, health and social effects of the policy. It focuses on how competing groups, including industry actors, framed their positi...

BACKGROUND In the course of a case-control study examining determinants of premature death among working age men, it became clear that a significant percentage of the population (7.3%) were drinking a variety of surrogate alcohol products (products not legally sold for consumption). In this population, where there is a high death rate from alcohol-related causes, including acute alcohol poisoni...

To examine whether intakes of wine, beer, spirits, and total alcohol are associated with the risk of common cold, in 1998-1999 the authors analyzed data from a cohort study carried out in a population of 4,272 faculty and staff of five Spanish universities. Usual alcohol intake was assessed at baseline by means of a standardized frequency questionnaire that was validated in a random sample of t...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To assess prospectively the association between alcohol consumption, including alcoholic beverage preference and days of consumption per week, and the risk of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS We prospectively followed 9,963 Spanish men and women initially without hypertension. Self-reported and validated data on diet and hypertension diagnoses were c...

Man was created to fulfill God’s will by following Jesus Christ. St. Ignatius of Loyola (1591–1556), through his famous Spiritual Exercises, proposes a path spiritual development in which the retreatant comes know oneself, deeply Christ and desires love follow Him more given state one’s life. The Exercises contain profoundly deep effective Rules Discernment Spirits for Making Good Reasonable El...

Sensory Evaluation Analysis of the spirits showed globally similar profiles at low retention times (between 0 and 10s) for the main volatile compounds (Fig. 3). The chromatographic profile could be represented as an odour map using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA, Fig. 4). The various samples are represented according to their relative volatile contents on a 2-axis graph with PC1 explaining...

BACKGROUND Fresh cider spirits are alcoholic beverages mainly constituted by volatile compounds from apples that are formed during fermentation or generated during distillation. In this study the chemical and sensory changes that take place during the maturation of fresh cider spirits in inert containers made of stainless steel and glass were investigated. RESULTS The type of container did no...

Counterfeit alcohol belongs to the category of unrecorded alcohol not reflected in official statistics. The internet trade of alcoholic beverages has been prohibited by the Russian Federation since 2007, but various sellers still offer counterfeit spirits (i.e., forged brand spirits) over the internet to Russian consumers, mostly in a non-deceptive fashion at prices up to 15 times lower than in...