Graphite exfoliation has been the main mechanism to produce graphene material and its derivatives, such as oxide (GO) reduced GO (rGO). This study was aimed exfoliate graphite using MnO2 paste in Zinc-Carbon (ZnC) battery wastes via audio sonication X-ray irradiated water. The exfoliated (EG) sample then characterized UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM. EG utilized an additiv...

Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts from temperate Australian collections of the marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea resulted in the isolation and characterisation of two new and six known bromotyrosine-derived alkaloids with antibiotic activity. Surprisingly, a single specimen of the mollusc Tylodina corticalis, which was collected while feeding on P. purpurea, contained only a few of ...

The sponge construction, designed by Bertoni, Daemen, Peeters, and Ass­ cheis, is the framework for hash functions such as Keccak, PHOTON, Quark, and spon­ gent. The designers give a keyed sponge construction by prepending the message with key and prove a bound on its pseudorandomness in the ideal permutation model . In this paper we give a different keyed sponge construction that is based on t...

Caribbean coral reefs have been transformed in the past few decades with the demise of reef-building corals, and sponges are now the dominant habitat-forming organisms on most reefs. Competing hypotheses propose that sponge communities are controlled primarily by predatory fishes (top-down) or by the availability of picoplankton to suspension-feeding sponges (bottom-up). We tested these hypothe...

Despite the large number of reports describing sponge-microbe associations, limited knowledge is available about associated fungi and their relationships with the hosts. In this work, specific fungal strains were obtained directly from in vitro sponge cell cultures (primmorphs) and single sponge cells (cytospins) and compared with those obtained from whole tissue preparations. A total of 27 fun...

Sponges are abundant, diverse and functionally important organisms of coral reef ecosystems. Sponge-associated microorganisms have been receiving greater attention because of their significant contribution to sponge biomass, biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological potentials. However, our understanding of the sponge microbiome is limited to a few species of sponges from restricted geographic...

Title of Dissertation: ROLES OF THE SYMBIOTIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPONGE HOSTS IN THE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLES Fan Zhang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Dr. Russell T. Hill, Professor, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Marine sponges are habitat-forming organisms in coral reefs. Many sponge ...

OBJECTIVE To compare selected effects of tub bathing versus traditional sponge bathing in healthy, term newborns and their mothers' ratings of pleasure and confidence with the bath. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. SETTING The maternity unit of an eastern Canadian hospital. PARTICIPANTS One hundred two mother-baby pairs were randomly assigned to an experimental tub bath or a sponge bat...

Sponges show the highest diversity of associated bacteria among marine invertebrates. Immunological evidence traces the origin of the sponge bacterial symbioses to the Precambrian era. Hence, sponges appear to be ideally suited for studying the evolutionary origins of prokaryote-metazoan associations. Sponges produce either calcareous or siliceous skeletons, which only coexist in a relict group...