August/September 2012 202 : VOLUME 58 (4) Introduction While some of injuries to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are of an acute nature, they may resolve relatively quickly and with limited treatment. A small number of acute injuries do not resolve fully and become chronic. Chronic injuries may be characterised by persistent pain and limited function, requiring long-term therapies to restore ...

This paper surveys the academic OR/analytics literature describing research into the laws and rules of sports and sporting competitions. The literature is divided into post hoc analyses and proposals for future changes, and is also divided into laws/rules of sports themselves and rules/organisation of tournaments or competitions. The survey outlines a large number of studies covering 21 sports ...

In a sporting context, it has been acknowledged that fan attention and response to sponsorship is affected by a range of variables, including the duration of sponsorship and fan commitment to the sporting organisation. The results of surveys of the members of five AFL clubs indicated that there is a positive relationship between the satisfaction level of season-ticket holders and their orientat...

From its initial inception in 1903 as a race premised on a publicity stunt to sell newspapers, the Tour de France had grown and evolved over time to become one of the most difficult and heralded sporting events in the world. Though sporting science and the Tour paralleled each other, it was not until the midlate 1980s, and especially the midlate 1990s (with the use of heart-rate monitors) that ...