PURPOSE The surgical correction of bladder exstrophy to achieve continence with voiding remains a challenging problem for the urologist. Since 1989 we have performed complete primary repair for exstrophy based on the concept that the primary defect of bladder and cloacal exstrophy is anterior herniation. Thus, the bladder and urethra must be treated as a single unit to move them posteriorly int...

OBJECTIVE To present female pseudohermaphroditism in a prenatally diagnosed cloacal malformation. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old, primigravid woman referred for counseling at 17 weeks of gestation because of oligohydramnios and an intra-abdominal cyst in the fetus. The woman was not exposed to any virilizing agent during this pregnancy. She did not undergo any assisted reproductive technology for ...

There have been several recent attempts to generate, de novo, a functional whole kidney from stem cells using the organogenic niche or blastocyst complementation methods. However, none of these attempts succeeded in constructing a urinary excretion pathway for the stem cell-generated embryonic kidney. First, we transplanted metanephroi from cloned pig fetuses into gilts; the metanephroi grew to...

Pheromones play an important role in modifying vertebrate behavior, especially during courtship and mating. Courtship behavior in urodele amphibians often includes female exposure to secretions from the cloacal gland, as well as other scent glands. The first vertebrate proteinaceous pheromone discovered, the decapeptide sodefrin, is a female attracting pheromone secreted by the cloacal gland of...

This study investigates a new concept of producing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from steelmaking slag and carbon dioxide via a spray carbonation process. The presented laboratory-scale spray carbonation test reactor uses a spray nozzle to disperse fine droplets of a Ca-rich solution into a spray tower, where calcium carbonate precipitates as a result of the reaction between calcium and ...

This work explores the use of both spray drying and d-glucosamine HCl (GLU) as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PXM) whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions were prepared and characterised (XRPD, DSC, SEM). Dissolution and triboelectric charging were also conducted. The resu...

The urogenital and reproductive organs, including the external genitalia, bladder and urethra, develop as anatomically aligned organs. Descriptive and experimental embryology suggest that the cloaca, and its derivative, the urogenital sinus, contribute to the formation of these organs. However, it is unknown how the primary tissue lineages in, and adjacent to, the cloaca give rise to the above ...

INTRODUCTION Food contamination with Listeria monocytogenes is on the increase posing threats to public health with growing trends in food products recalls due to suspected Listeria contamination. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) among 71 randomly selected poultry farms in Oyo State, ...

Spray atomization is a common process found in different industries, where sprays under high injection pressure are widely recorded in the literature. Nonetheless, research on spray breakup mechanism under low pressure in pharmaceutical industry is still relatively rare. Numerical model in the Lagrangian approach was modified for simulating the spray formation from a nasal spray device in the c...