Background: Lameness is a huge problem in intensive livestock production, leading to enormous losses terms of stress animals, less reproductive ability and increased chances mastitis. Zero grazing system needed for today’s but it has also led lameness chances, unnecessarily body condition score mastitis incidences. On the other hand, pasture promotes cows exhibit natural behaviour, which improv...

A gradient-based Newton–Krylov algorithm for aerodynamic shape optimization is applied to lift maximization of a multi-element landing configuration. The governing flow equations are the two-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations in conjunction with a one-equation transport turbulence model. The objective function gradient is computed via the discrete-adjoint method. The design exampl...

• Lack of desi9n and en9ineering stall knowledge (and time) • Lack of central computer or MIS stall knowledge • Lack of operator or foreman acceptance • Lack of information on equipment and software capabilities • Lack of inside or outside programming capabilities • Lack of outside consultants to assist the effort • Lack of higher management interest • Lack of suppliers to take entire system re...

The bleak news was first presented by Franz Fischler, the European fisheries commissioner to a meeting of Irish fishermen in Dublin last month: closure of fisheries around Ireland, Britain and other areas of the north-east Atlantic for cod and related species were likely to be the last chance for any sort of recovery and sustainable future for fishing for these species. Scientists from the Inte...

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version ...