the electronic absorption spectral line shape of a diatomic molecule with harmonic potential curves is calculated using the time correlation function formalism. both the equilibrium shift and the frequency shift of the two linking electronic states ate taken into account. the spectrum is also calculated using the cumulated expansion which is related to the correlation function of the time-depen...

this research summarizes the data on benthic macro invertebrates collected from 25 points in the urmia lake wetlands during november 2008 to february 2009. the purpose of the study was to assess the effects of elevated salinity and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels on macro invertebrate abundance and composition. a total of 32 taxa were collected, and the common taxa, including chirono...

Despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. In this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. A real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

The main challenges facing the environment of the Caspian Sea include the water level rise, environmental pollutions, the entrance of exotic species to the Caspian Sea, loss of the flora reservoirs and eutrophication. These challenges forced the coastal states to conclude the Framework Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea in 2003. The long duration of time t...

the main objective of this article is to examine the u.s. nuclear war plans, which have led to the transformation of the grand strategy of the united states since 1945, and they have also a significant impact on the nuclear programs of the nuclear – weapon states (nws), defense policies of nato and international security. research questions include: what are the similarities and differences in ...

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religious experience is a novel issue in the field of theology and the philosophy of religion; it denotes god’s manifestationin the experiencer, which comes about in certain feelings and states. these states of the experiencer may sometimes be considered as a confirmation of his innate disposition, or the religious experience and proof of human nature maybe hastily deemed the same. however, the...

in this paper, using the tight-binding model, we extend the real-space renormalization group method to time-dependent hamiltonians. we drive the time-dependent recursion relations for the renormalized tight-binding hamiltonian by decimating selective sites of lattice iteratively. the formalism is then used for the calculation of the local density of electronic states for a one dimensional quant...

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the discovery of gas and oil in Central Asia and Caucasia, it faced complex interests in the international political economy. These problems were mainly rooted in developing plans of the countries for increasing their influence in the area and also in Russia's connections with the Iranian and Turkish governments in the region. This paper investigat...