We summarize in this article the experiments which have been performed to test the theoretical findings in stochastic thermodynamics such as fluctuation theorem, Jarzynski equality, stochastic entropy, out-ofequilibrium fluctuation dissipation theorem, and the generalized first and second laws. We briefly describe experiments on mechanical oscillators, colloids, biological systems, and electric...

A thermodynamics of open systems has been developed which provides an entirely new theoretical framework based on novel concepts without any recourse to statistical mechanics, The standard chemical potential is replaced by a convective potential itself derived from a new concept referred to as the “thermobaric potential”. Entropy convected by addition of masses into an open system is obtained u...