The central serotonin (5-HT) system is the main target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line antidepressants widely used in current general practice. One of the prominent features of chronic SSRI treatment in rodents is the enhanced adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which has been proposed to contribute to antidepressant effects. Therefore, tremendous effort ha...

BACKGROUND Although the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS-3) is the commonest APS that may be encountered in pediatric age, last year literature includes only few studies aiming to specifically ascertain the clinical spectrum of APS-3 in childhood and adolescence. Aims of these study were: a) to ascertain how many young patients with apparently isolated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) ...

BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) affects an estimated one billion people worldwide, nearly three-quarters of whom live in low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). In both developed and developing countries, only a minority of individuals with HT are adequately treated. The reasons are many but, as with other chronic diseases, they include weaknesses in health systems. We conducted a systematic revi...

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune thyroid disorder, is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in children and adolescents. HT familial with female predominance. It has peak incidence school-aged Whites Asians those other conditions. In addition to goiter, poor linear growth disruption pubertal development are common. The diagnosis made by presence autoantibodies (Abs) can be...

The fear circuitry orchestrates defense mechanisms in response to environmental threats. This circuitry is evolutionarily crucial for survival, but its dysregulation is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions in humans. The amygdala is a key player in the processing of fear. This brain area is prominently modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydro...

Abstract Background Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). It postulated that the inflammatory milieu in HT may damage thyrocytes, increasing cancer. However, it not precisely known how presence affects aggressiveness DTC and if causal relationship exists. has been suggested correlate less aggressive phenotype smaller tu...

OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) on reoccurrence, cancer-related mortality, and overall mortality after a diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS We performed a quantitative review of all studies reporting experience with menopausal HT for symptomatic use after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Rates of reoccurrence, cancer-related mortality, and overall mortality we...

INTRODUCTION Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) differ in the severity of induced ejaculation delay. Various studies indicate that oxytocin is involved in sexual behavior. AIM To review and evaluate the involvement of oxytocin in SSRI-induced ejaculation delay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Oxytocine release, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotransmission, and desensitization of 5-HT(1A)...

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) is an important neurotransmitter in the modulation of the cognitive, behavioral and psychological functions in animals and humans. Among the fourteen subtypes of 5-HT receptor, 5-HT1A receptor has been extensively studied. Tandospirone, an azapirone derivative with strong and selective agonist effect on 5-HT1A receptor, has been used for the treatment of an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypothermia (HT) for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is advised to start within the first 6 hours after birth. There is some clinical evidence that HT is more effective against moderate than against severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but it is unknown whether delayed HT beyond 6 hours is effective or even injurious. METHODS One-hundred seven 7-day-old rat ...