Four new triterpene glycosides, variegatusides C-F (1-4), together with three structurally known triterpene glycosides, variegatusides A and B (5, 6), and holothurin B (7), were isolated from the sea cucumber Stichopus variegates Semper (Holothuriidae), collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance (N...

Abstract Sea cucumbers live in ponds and coastal with different salinity. This study aims to determine the range of salinity support growth survival sea cucumber juveniles. The research container used was a transparent fiberglass tank capacity 30 L as many 8 tanks. juveniles were 4 individuals /tank an average size between 55-68 mm. Each equipped plastic bottle filled coral fragments white sand...

Hermann’s tortoise ( Testudo hermanni ) is listed as “Near threatened” in the IUCN Red list of endangered species. The importance protecting populations and its habitats have led to inclusion species within CITES Convention (Annex II), Annex A EU Wildlife Trade Regulation, II Bern Annexes IV Habitats Directive. To assess distribution status eastern boettgeri Croatia, historical recent records w...

Larvae of Hylamorpha elegans (Burm.) and Phytoloema herrmanni Germ. feed on roots, although many Scarabaeidae species are able to feed and survive on soil without living roots. In this study we evaluated the potential of H. elegans and P. herrmanni to ingest soil by estimating the rate of soil egestion. In the laboratory, the rate of soil egestion was determined from gut content and gut transit...