Dead wood is a substantial carbon stock in terrestrial forest ecosystems and hence a critical component of global carbon cycles. Given the limited amounts of dead wood biomass and carbon stock information for Caribbean forests, our objectives were to: (1) describe the relative contribution of down woody materials (DWM) to carbon stocks on the island of St. John; (2) compare these contributions ...

Heterotrophic picoplankton, including Bacteria and Archaea, form a major, often dominant component of the euphotic zone biomass throughout much of the world ocean. In Antarctic waters however, the bacterial biomass is a much smaller fraction of the total plankton stock, at least during the Austral summer. In the Ross Sea during the 1996-1997 growing season, bacterial abundance reached a peak of...

Long time series of fish biomasses are needed in order to understand the changes in marine ecosystems and to set appropriate targets for their management and conservation. Fish biomasses from stock assessments usually cover only the recent 3 to 4 decades, and extending these time series using conventional data-demanding methods will, for many stocks, likely not be possible due to limited histor...

Recruitment overfishing (the reduction of a spawning stock past a point at which the stock can no longer replenish itself) is a common problem which can lead to a rapid and irreversible fishery collapse. Averting this disaster requires maintaining a sufficient spawning population to buffer stochastic fluctuations in recruitment of heavily harvested stocks. Optimal strategies for managing spawne...

Genotypic variation is useful to breeders when selecting genotypes to improve particular traits. Inorder to study of genetic diversity 20 genotypes of Hordeum murynum studied in the form of randomized complete block design the experimental field of islamic azad university shahre rey branch with 3 replication in the year 2012. Notes traits was conducted including days to heading, days t...