A 37-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) presented with anorexia, restlessness, and dark-colored urine. Urinalyses showed hematuria, leukocyturia, isosthenuria, proteinuria, granular casts, and no calcium oxalate crystals. Bloodwork revealed azotemia. Urine culture revealed a pure growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but susceptible to ceph...

Infections carried in milk, particularly salmonellosis and campylobacter enteritis, have continued to feature in Great Britain in recent years. Less commonly reported infections included an outbreak in 1984 in England due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus, in which 12 people, eight of whom died, were admitted to hospital. The implementation of legislation in 1983 requiring heat treatment of cows' ...

Perirectal abscesses have only rarely been reported in horses. This case series describes the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of six horses with this condition. The equids affected were geldings or stallions various breeds aged from 4 months to 21 years (median age 10 months). Typical signs included colic tachycardia, tenesmus, dyschezia abdominal distension. diagnosis was obta...

Streptococcus equi subspecies (S. equi) is the causative organism of upper respiratory disease equids, strangles, characterised by pyrexia, lymphadenopathy and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Strangles was first reported over 750 years ago continues to be significance in equine populations across globe. This review discusses how S. has adapted, clinical manifestation clinicians caregivers can tac...