different methods have been evaluated for manufacturing the porous ti6al4v alloys according todecreasing stress shielding phenomenon and increasing mechanical compatibility between themetallic components and the host tissue. for this purpose, in this work ti6al4v alloy chips werepressed under 400 mpa pressure and then samples were categorized and heated into two groups at1000 and 1150℃ under a ...

Certain species of the Pooideae subfamily develop stress tolerance and herbivory resistance through symbiosis with vertically transmitted, asexual fungi. This symbiosis is specific, and genetic factors modulate the compatibility between partners. Although gene flow is clearly a fitness trait in allogamous grasses, because it injects hybrid vigor and raw material for evolution, it could reduce c...

A new formula called 2-point diagonally implicit super class of BBDF with two off-step points (2ODISBBDF) for solving stiff IVPs is formulated. The method approximates two solutions with two off-step points simultaneously at each iteration. By varying a parameter ρ ∈ (–1,1) in the formula, different sets of formulae can be generated. A specific choice of 3 4 ρ = is made and it was shown that th...

Finite difference approximations of dynamical systems modelled by nonlinear, semiexplicit, differential/algebraic equations are analyzed. Convergence for the backward differentiation method is proved for index two and index three problems when the numerical initial values obey certain constraints. The appropriate asymptotic convergence rates and the leading error terms are determined.

A new block extended backward differentiation formula suitable for the integration of stiff initial value problems is derived. The procedure used involves the use of an extra future point which helps in improving the performance of an existing block backward differentiation formula. The method approximates the solution at 3 points simultaneously at each step. Accuracy and stability properties o...

This paper presents the analysis of a distributed parabolic optimal control problem in a multiharmonic setting. In particular, the desired state is assumed to be multiharmonic. After eliminating the control from the optimality system, we arrive at the reduced optimality system for the state and the co-state that is nothing but a coupled system of a forward and a backward parabolic partial diffe...

[1] We consider paradigms for interpretation and analysis of the CMIP3 ensemble of climate model simulations. The dominant paradigm in climate science, of an ensemble sampled from a distribution centred on the truth, is contrasted with the paradigm of a statistically indistinguishable ensemble, which has been more commonly adopted in other fields. This latter interpretation (which gives rise to...

The unfolded protein response is a mechanism to cope with endoplasmic reticulum stress. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ire1 senses the stress and mediates a signaling cascade to upregulate responsive genes through an unusual HAC1 mRNA splicing. The splicing requires interconnected activity (kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase)) of Ire1 to cleave HAC1 mRNA at the non-canonical splice sites before t...

here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article-sign up in Conservation laws have been recently obtained by requiring that a positive definite functional of the stress gradient (the Euler–Lagrange equations of which are the Beltrami–Michell compatibility conditions) be invariant under certain transformations. Here t...