Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains have been shown to adhere to human intestinal tissue in an in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model, and certain strains manifest mucosal toxicity. We have recently described the EAEC plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet), a member of a specific serine protease subclass of the autotransporter proteins. When injected into rat ileal loops, Pet both elicited flui...

Unlike skin, oral mucosal wounds are characterized by rapid healing and minimal scarring, attributable to the “enhanced” properties of fibroblasts (OMFs). As oxidative stress is increasingly implicated in regulating wound outcomes, this study compared biomarker enzymic antioxidant profiles between patient-matched mucosal/skin tissues OMFs/skin (SFs) determine whether superior capabilities reduc...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers a series of signaling and transcriptional events termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe ER is associated with development fibrosis in different organs, including lung, liver, kidney, heart, intestine. an essential epithelial immune cells pathogenesis Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD). Intestinal are susceptible to stres...

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide synthase activity is increased in the stomach in association with Helicobacter pylori infection and portal hypertension, but the mechanism by which nitric oxide contributes to mucosal damage remains unclear. AIM To examine whether nitric oxide injures gastric mucosal cells and whether cellular glutathione affects nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity. METHODS A confluent...

The chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan (IT) is highly effective against several types of cancer, although its use is limited due to severe intestinal toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative stress-related processes contributing to small intestinal mucosa damage and to determine the extent to which green tea polyphenols could ameliorate the detrimental effects i...

Esophageal reflux of gastric contents causes esophageal mucosal damage and inflammation. Recent studies show that oxygen-derived free radicals mediate mucosal damage in reflux esophagitis (RE). Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet and possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities. In ...

PURPOSE Nuclear oxidative DNA damage increases with age in human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) and contributes to their decreased proliferative capacity. These studies investigated whether HCECs respond to this damage by upregulating their expression of oxidative stress and DNA damage-signaling genes in an age-dependent manner. METHODS HCECs were dissected from the corneas of young (30 ye...

Physiologically, the architecture of the small intestinal mucosa is maintained by a delicate balance between cell production in the crypt compartment, enterocyte migration along the villi, and extrusion of mature epithelial cells from the tip of the villi into the lumen.' Migration and maturation of the lining cells are affected in response to various types of stress and under conditions of muc...