Supervised injection facilities are a form of micro-environmental intervention that aim to address various harms associated with injection drug use. Given the numerous threats faced by women who inject drugs and are street-involved, including heightened risks for violence, we sought to elucidate how North America's first supervised injection facility (SIF) mediates the impact of violence among ...

BACKGROUND Research predicting the public health and fiscal impact of Supervised Injection Facilities (SIFs), across different cities in Canada, has reported positive results on the reduction of HIV cases among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). Most of the existing studies have focused on the outcomes of Insite, located in the Vancouver Downtown Eastside (DTES). Previous attention has not been af...

BACKGROUND Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are legally sanctioned environments for people to inject drugs under medical supervision. SIFs currently operate in ten countries, but to date, no SIF has been opened in the USA. In light of increasing overdose mortality in the USA, this study evaluated willingness to use a SIF among youth who report non-medical prescription opioid (NMPO) use. ...

OBJECTIVES This paper aims to investigate the uterotrophic activities of lactational exposure to combination of soy isoflavones (SIF) and bisphenol A (BPA) and to examine estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expressions in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and uterus. METHODS Maternal rats that were breeding about 8 litters were randomly divided into four groups with seven ...

Alpine meadow ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to climate change and serve an essential function in terrestrial carbon sinks. Accurately estimating their gross primary productivity (GPP) is for understanding the global cycle. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), as a companion product directly related plant photosynthesis process, has become attractive pathway GPP accurately. To dat...

Abstract Failure starts with creation of a crack, then the propagation crack and eventually fracture material. Furthermore, material selection, geometry, processing residual stresses are critical factors that may contribute to uncertainty prospective failure mechanisms in engineering. These issues also arise computational analysis, problematic model, for instance, three-dimensional surface nece...

BACKGROUND North America's first government sanctioned supervised injection facility (SIF) was opened in Vancouver in response to the serious health and social consequences of injection drug use and the perseverance of committed advocates and drug user groups who demanded change. This analysis was conducted to describe the attendance, demographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and referral...

In all vertebrates the eyes are moved by six pairs of extraocular muscles enabling horizontal, vertical and rotatory movements. Recent work showed that each extraocular muscle is controlled by two motoneuronal groups: (1) Motoneurons of singly-innervated muscle fibers (SIF) that lie within the boundaries of motonuclei mediating a fast muscle contraction; and (2) motoneurons of multiply-innervat...

This paper is concerned with a semi-infinite interfacial crack between two bonded dissimilar elastic strips with equal thickness. Solutions for the complex stress intensity factor (SIF) and energy release rate (ERR) are obtained in closed form under in-plane deformations. During the procedure, the mixed boundary-value problem is reduced by means of the conformal mapping technique to the standar...

in this paper, the mixed-mode dynamic fracture analysis of a fgm plate is performed using mlpg method also the effect of changes in value and angle of material gradation on the dynamic stress intensity fctor(sif) of mode i, ii, and effective are investigated. to solve time dependent equations that discretized by mlpg method, the central difference method (cdm) and the newmark method are used. a...