Structural Breaks in the Real Exchange Rate Adjustment Mechanism Laurence Copeland and Saeed Heravi We show that the behaviour of the real exchange rates of the UK, Germany, France and Japan has been characterised by structural breaks which changed the adjustment mechanism. In the context of a Time-Varying Smooth Transition AutoRegressive of the kind introduced by Lundbergh et al (2003), we sho...

Structural Adjustment The structural adjustment programme the Washington consensus claim is designed to eliminate distortions and elementary economics tells us distortions create allocative and distributive inefficiency. The programmed was aimed to stimulate growth in developing economies most of whom stagnated due to effects of external and internal shocks. The basic idea is simple i.e. establ...

Thc Policy, Research. and Extemal Affaus Complex distnbutes PRI. Working Papers todisseminatethe findings of work in progress and to encourage the exchange of ideas among Bank staff and all others interested in development issues. These papers carry the names of the authors, reflect only their views, and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions ai he ...

The paper examines the impact of selected structural adjustment policies on food production in Zambia. Using a four year panel of post-harvest data, a system of six crops, two variable inputs and three fixed inputs is estimated. The resulting supply responses suggest a negatively slopped supply curve for sorghum and millet and this has been attributed to the presence of credit constraints. Simu...

This paper addresses two specific sets of questions. The first main question that has occupied a number of researchers is whether the adjustment programs (advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) have had any positive effects to date on macroeconomic performance (i.e., on exports, imports, savings, investment, consumption, and gross domestic product) in Pakistan. The sec...

Poverty and Inequality Growth attributed to structural adjustment has During Structural benefited the population Adj.ustment in Rural generally, shifting a significairportion of the populatior Tanzania from below the poverty line to above it. Only that smanller fraction of the population M. Luisa Ferreira with extremely low incomes was unable to benefit fron the economy's impr-oved performance ...

Although it has been suggested that structural adjustment policies have slowed Third World urban growth and have stimulated a spatial deconcentration of economic activity, this paper argues that African cities continue to grow and mainly through peri-urban development. This investment comes mainly from domestic sources and migrants’ remittances, and tends to be in consumption rather than produc...

Objective: In the 1st year of the post-partum period, parenting stress, mental health, and dyadic adjustment are important for the wellbeing of both parents and the child. However, there are few studies that analyze the relationship among these three dimensions. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between parenting stress, mental health (depressive and anxiety symptoms), a...

Most of the current subsurface simulation approaches consider a priority list for honoring the well and any other auxiliary data, and eventually adopt a middle ground between the quality of the model and conditioning it to hard data. However, as the number of datasets increases, such methods often produce undesirable features in the subsurface model. Due to their high flexibility, subsurface mo...