In this paper we describe a new technique for ezactly identifying certain classes of read-once Boolean formulas. The method is based on sampling the input-output behavior of the target formula on a probability distribution which is determined by the fized point of the formula's amplification function (defined as the probability that a 1 is output by the formula when each input bit is 1 independ...

The depth-resolved chemical structure and magnetic moment of [Formula: see text], thin films grown on Si(1 1 1) have been determined using x-ray and polarized neutron reflectometry. Bulk-like magnetization is retained across the majority of the film, but reduced moments are observed within 45[Formula: see text] of the surface and in a 25[Formula: see text] substrate-interface region. The reduce...

In this paper we describe a new technique for exactly identifying certain classes of read-once Boolean formulas. The method is based on sampling the input-output behavior of the target formula on a probability distribution which is determined by the fixed point of the formula's application function (defined as the probability that a 1 is output by the formula when each input bit is 1 independen...

Computing the probability of a formula given the probabilities or weights associated with other formulas is a natural extension of logical inference to the probabilistic setting. Surprisingly, this problem has received little attention in the literature to date, particularly considering that it includes many standard inference problems as special cases. In this paper, we propose two algorithms ...

In this paper we describe a new technique for exactly identifying certain classes of read-once Boolean formulas. The method is based on sampling the input-output behavior of the target formula on a probability distribution that is determined by the xed point of the formula's ampliication function (deened as the probability that a 1 is output by the formula when each input bit is 1 independently...

Does breastfeeding alter early brain development? The prevailing consensus from large epidemiological studies posits that early exclusive breastfeeding is associated with improved measures of IQ and cognitive functioning in later childhood and adolescence. Prior morphometric brain imaging studies support these findings, revealing increased white matter and sub-cortical gray matter volume, and p...

This study presents the first structural report of kolbeckite, with the ideal formula ScPO(4).2H(2)O (scandium phosphate dihydrate), based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Kolbeckite belongs to the metavariscite mineral group, in which each PO(4) tetrahedron shares four vertices with four ScO(4)(H(2)O)(2) octahedra and vice versa, forming a three-dimensional network of polyhedra.