This article addresses the development of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) arrangements for accessing viruses and the development of vaccines to respond to potential pandemics (and other lesser outbreaks). It examines the ongoing "conflict" between the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellect...

Most universities today have developed intellectual property policies which clearly establish ownership rights in any commercially valuable process developed by professors and graduate students in a university laboratory. Increasingly, undergraduates are also being encouraged to take an active part in research since this often encourages them to go on to graduate school. It is also, in itself, ...

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BACKGROUND Autism is associated with intellectual disability. The strength and origin of this association is unclear. AIMS To investigate the association between extreme autistic traits and intellectual disability in children from a community-based sample and to examine whether the association can be explained by genetic factors. METHOD Children scoring in the extreme 5% on measures of auti...

People with intellectual disability are over-represented in prisons internationally (Fazel et al. 2008); in Australia, approximately nine to 10 percent of soon-to-be-released prisoners have an intellectual disability (Dias et al. 2013). Prisoners with intellectual disability often experience complex comorbid chronic physical conditions and mental health disorders (Männynsalo et al. 2009; Dias e...

Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior with an age of onset being less than 18 years. The prevalence of intellectual disability/developmental delay is 1 – 3 % in the general population. The definition of mental retardation/intellectual disability Shift from ‘Mental retardation’ to ‘Intellectual disability’ in the 2002...

Two persons with severe intellectual disabilities and two persons with profound intellectual disabilities were repeatedly presented with five different pairs of food items. The five pairs of items represented different degrees of preference, from highest to lowest. Happiness indices were monitored from the time that a pair of items was presented until a choice was made. Surprisingly, participan...