ELAN is an environment for prototyping and combining different deduction systems described using rewrite rules and strategies. Two languages of strategies used for controlling rewriting are presented in this paper. The first one, called built-in strategy language, is hard-wired with the implementation of ELAN, and thus, non-extensible from the user’s point of view. However, it provides an effic...

This study proposes and illustrates a two-stage strategy to analyze differential item functioning in comparative educational studies. At the first stage, within each country, item difficulties are estimated. At the second stage, results are combined across countries using a meta-analytic framework to investigate (a) whether the items function consistently at the country level, and (b) what coun...

objective: this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of education based of the cognitive, metacognitive, and behavioral model on the reduction of meta-worry beliefs in patients with social anxiety disorder (sad). methods: the research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. the statistical population comprised all patients with sad referr...

BACKGROUND The benefit of blood transfusion in patients with myocardial infarction is controversial, and a possibility of harm exists. METHODS A systematic search of studies published between January 1, 1966, and March 31, 2012, was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. English-language studies comparing ...

Game theory is one of the possible ways to study information warfare with mathematical models. This paper presents four example games which illustrate the different requirements for an effective playing strategy in information warfare. These games study, how a bold playing strategy can lead to domination, how a mixed playing strategy can reduce domination, how it can be useful to play a dominat...

One of the English language skills is reading. Reading an activity in cognitive process to get information writing. comprehension a reading skill that on higher order. (reading understand). There are many strategies for learning comprehension. them listen-read-discuss strategy. Listen-Read-Discuss (LRD) strategy helps students build strong background knowledge understand texts. The present stud...

the aim of present research was examine of relationship between destruction meta-cognitive beliefs and academic achievement of students with test anxiety. for this purpose, 243 girls and boys subjects with test anxiety of 900 students of guidance schools of noshar city were determined as the sample of study. for gathering the data, meta-cognition questionnaire and test anxiety inventory were us...

Deep neural networks excel in regimes with large amounts of data, but tend to struggle when data is scarce or when they need to adapt quickly to changes in the task. Recent work in meta-learning seeks to overcome this shortcoming by training a meta-learner on a distribution of similar tasks; the goal is for the meta-learner to generalize to novel but related tasks by learning a high-level strat...

BACKGROUND Finding eligible studies for meta-analysis and systematic reviews relies on keyword-based searching as the gold standard, despite its inefficiency. Searching based on direct citations is not sufficiently comprehensive. We propose a novel strategy that ranks articles on their degree of co-citation with one or more "known" articles before reviewing their eligibility. METHOD In two in...