Every recursively enumerable set of integers (r.e. set) is enumerable by a primitive recursive function. But if the enumeration is required to be one-one, only a proper subset of all r.e. sets qualify. Starting from a collection of total recursive functions containing the primitive recursive functions, we thus define a sub-computability as an enumeration of the r.e. sets that are themselves one...

The rank functions approach to protocol analysis is incomplete with respect to secrecy specifications. In particular, security protocols that use temporary secrets may be un-verifiable within the framework. This paper investigates the incompleteness and proposes a solution based on a novel theory of combined rank functions. We define a procedure by which a protocol that contains a single tempor...

Real world applications often require dealing with the situations in which the exact numerical values of the (sub)measure of a set may not be provided, but at least some probabilistic assignment still could be done. Also, several concepts in uncertainty processing are linked to the processing of distribution functions. In the framework of generalized measure theory we introduce the probabilisti...

based on a meta-theoretical analysis of voting, the present paper is an attempt to present a theoretical model encompassing all the possible aspects of voting in an election action system, proposing four sub-systems of voting as follows: economic voting, political voting, cultural voting and moral voting. having distinguished among these sub-systems, the writer describes the constitutive elemen...

Assuming the existence of iO for P/poly and one-way functions, we show how to succinctly garble bounded-space computations (BSC) M : the size of the garbled program (as well as the time needed to generate the garbling) only depends on the size and space (including the input and output) complexity of M , but not its running time. The key conceptual insight behind this construction is a method fo...

We propose an adaptive reversible data hiding method with superior visual quality and capacity in which an adaptive generalized difference expansion (AGDE) method is applied to an integer-to-integer subband transform (I2I-ST). I2I-ST performs the reversible subband transform and the AGDE method is a state-of-the-art method of reversible data hiding. The results of experiments we performed objec...

joint pain is one of the most common complaints with many possible causes.some medicines used for joint pain relief such as nsaids have substantial and frequent side effects. topical route possibly reduces adverse reactions by maximizing local delivery and minimizing systemic toxicity. throughout history, plants have been the most important sources of medicines for human health and iranian trad...