Subsurface soil water retention technology is a modern tool to increase the yield and improved saving. The goal of this paper review gathered three selected local experimental woks carried out in different regimes Iraq purposes improving productivity for strategy plants some vegetables crops irrigated by utilizing irrigation systems installing membrane trough. Moreover, retained rainfall was al...

Reuse of saline subsurface drainage water for irrigation has been identi®ed as a potential option for managing drainage volumes and sustaining crop productivity in California's San Joaquin Valley. Soil surface structural instability, crusting and poor stand establishment may, however, be constraints in drainage reuse systems. The objective of this ®eld study was to evaluate the effectiveness of...

Nitrogen compounds added to the soil may convert nitrate and cause contamination. The distribution uniformity of in surface vs. subsurface drip irrigation systems were compared a physical model consisting transparent glass box (1.20 x 0.5 1 m) sandy loam soil, considering emitter installation depths 0 30 cm, discharge rates Q1 = 2, Q2 4, Q3 8 L/h, fertilizer levels S1 125, S2 250, S3 375 mg/L. ...