Replacing R-22 by HFC refrigerants in stationary air conditioners is forcing oil producers to develop a new lubricant which has good miscibility with HFC, lubricity and electric resistivity. Mitsui has selected a carbonate compound for a new lubricant candidate with HFC and developed it forcusing on its thermal stability, which is one of the most important factors to get good lubricity. By supp...

BACKGROUND This short-term study assessed the efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients; here, we report a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. METHODS Men and women (n=39) who had received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for chronic kidney disease for 6 months or more were enrolled in ...

Introduction: Carbonate is a minor phase in hydrous meteorites and hydrous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), where it is believed to have formed by aqueous processing on asteroidal parent bodies [1]. Carbonate has been reported in the dust shells around evolved stars [2] and in other interstellar and circumstel-lar environments [3] where liquid water is unlikely to have been present. Toppan...

Glycerol carbonate is a key multifunctional compound used as solvent, additive, and building block in alternative chlorine-free processes. Here, we report the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from renewable materials (glycerol and dimethyl carbonate, DMC) using basic ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. After process optimization, it has been possible to isolate pure glycerol carbonate in quantitat...

Diammonium carbonate hydrogen peroxide monosolvate, 2NH(4)(+)·CO(3)(2-)·H(2)O(2), (I), and dicaesium carbonate hydrogen peroxide trisolvate, 2Cs(+)·CO(3)(2-)·3H(2)O(2), (II), were crystallized from 98% hydrogen peroxide. In (I), the carbonate anions and peroxide solvent molecules are arranged on twofold axes. The peroxide molecules act as donors in only two hydrogen bonds with carbonate groups,...

Using two complimentary approaches (pore water advection/diffusion/ reaction modeling and stable isotope mass balance calculations) we show that carbonate dissolution/reprecipitation occurs on early diagenetic time scales across a broad range of sediments on the Great Bahamas Bank. The input of oxygen into the sediments, which strongly controls sediment carbonate dissolution, has two major sour...

Calcification by coral reef communities is estimated to account for half of all carbonate produced in shallow water environments and more than 25 % of the total carbonate buried in marine sediments globally. Production of calcium carbonate by coral reefs is therefore an important component of the global carbon cycle; it is also threatened by future global warming and other global change pressur...

In this study, calcium carbonate crystals were obtained by mixing of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate in the presence of biopolymer, carboxymethyl inulin (CMI). The effect of the feed rate of reactant and the initial [Ca] concentration was investigated. The produced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spect...

The long-term success of coral reefs depends on a positive balance of calcium carbonate production exceeding dissolution, erosion, and material export. As a result of ocean acidification, coral reefs could transition from net accretion to net erosion owing to decreasing rates of calcification and increasing rates of chemical dissolution and bioerosion. Here, I present a fundamental paradigm tha...

BACKGROUND Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL(®), Shire Pharmaceuticals) is an effective non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) to examine the long-term effects of controlling serum phosphorus with lanthanum carbonate treatment on the biochemical a...