As a force of pure power and magnificence, nothing in nature surpasses lightning. As a force of importance to the workings and achievements of modern civilization, nothing outranks electricity. Both lightning and electricity, however, can be extremely dangerous and can cause devastating injuries. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the arenas of trauma and rehabilitation th...

although lightning is an uncommon phenomenon in nature; it can cause many destructive incidents. in the event of a lightning strike, multiple organs particularly the cardiovascular systems are at risk of injury. short-term mortality depends on its cardiac effects. in this paper, the authors report the development of myocardial infarction and pericardial effusion after lightning injury, a typica...

According to the physical process of discharge development of insulator that is struck by lightning, the lightning flashover model for quadruple-circuit transmission line with dual voltage 220kV/110kV in same tower is established basing on EMTP. The actual evaluation index of lightning protection performance is adopted with the consideration of influence of system voltage. The characteristics o...

Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...

The lightning flash density Ng, so important in Lightning Protection standards for risk assessment calculations, should be replaced by the more suitable lightning strike-point density Nsg. A factor 2 is proposed to relate Ng to Nsg. More precise Ng values should occur from Lightning Location Systems (LLS), while improving their detection efficiency, location accuracy, and classification accurac...

Electromagnetic models based on antenna theory have been recently applied in lightning studies. Their practical use is facilitated by existing thin-wire antenna numerical codes that utilize localized voltage sources. Such voltage sources have to be tuned to provide the lightning channel-base current for which experimental data are available. This involves some preparatory steps, such as the det...

BACKGROUND Since the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) became fully operational in 1989, meteorologists have spent considerable time trying to identify cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning characteristics that are uniquely associated with severe weather. Many studies focused on the dominant CG lightning polarity as a potential indicator of severe weather. Knapp (1994) found that 39% of...