PURPOSE Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate the structural basis of motility abnormalities in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 (CFEOM3), a disorder resulting from missense mutations in TUBB3, which encodes neuron-specific beta-tubulin isotype III. METHODS Ophthalmic examinations in 13 volunteers from four CFEOM3 pedigrees and normal control su...

Eye muscle fibers can be divided into two categories: nontwitch, multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs), and twitch, singly innervated muscle fibers (SIFs). We investigated the location of motoneurons supplying SIFs and MIFs in the six extraocular muscles of monkeys. Injections of retrograde tracers into eye muscles were placed either centrally, within the central SIF endplate zone; in an int...

We treated a selected group of patients with superior-half bullous retinal detachments by preoperative bed rest and immobilisation of the affected eye using a temporary inferior rectus suture taped to the brow. Sufficient flattening of the retina was achieved in each case to permit successful simple extrascleral detachment surgery.

PURPOSE Future pharmacologic treatment of strabismus may be optimized if drugs that are less potentially toxic to patients can be developed. Prior studies have shown that direct injection of extraocular muscles (EOMs) with insulin growth factor or fibroblast growth factor results in significant increases in the generation of EOM force. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphometric a...

A 21-year-old man had gradually increasing unilateral proptosis of the right eye . His history was remarkable in th at he had had a subtotal thyroidectomy several years earlier for Graves disease. He remained euthyroid on no thyroid medication and was, on admission, euthyroid with normal T3 and T4 . His vision had recently deteriorated from 20/ 20 to 20 / 50 00, but had return ed to normal when...

113 To the Editor: Ophthalmoplegia can cause diplopia, with a lot of etiologies including cerebrovascular disease. Nuclear ophthalmoplegia resulted from brainstem infarction is often accompanied by other symptoms of brainstem dysfunction. It is fairly rare that midbrain infarction only manifests as isolated medial rectus nuclear palsy. Here, we provided such an uncommon case and discussed the p...

PURPOSE Connective tissue pulleys inflect the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and receive insertions from some fibers. The authors investigated insertions and anatomic relationships of fiber fascicles within rectus EOMs to clarify the relationship to their pulleys. METHODS Two human and two monkey orbits were removed intact, serially sectioned in the coronal plane, histologically stained, and digi...

ment was recommended, but the patient initially refused. As the clinical findings did not change during follow-up, surgery was performed in August 2014. Restriction of the inferior rectus muscle of the left eye was confirmed through the forced duction test. During surgery, conjunctival scarring over the inferior rectus muscle was noted, in addition to a linear scar along the medial border of th...

PURPOSE It has been tacitly assumed that overall extraocular muscle (EOM) volume is conserved during contraction and relaxation, yet this assumption has been untested up to now. We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if total EOM volume changes during relaxation and contraction. METHODS Surface coil MRI in quasi-coronal planes was obtained in target-controlled, ...

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the occurrence of natural cell death in the periocular mesenchyme of mouse embryos. METHODS Vital staining with LysoTracker Red and Nile blue sulfate as well as terminal nick end labeling (TUNEL) were utilized to identify apoptotic cell death in whole and histologicaly sectioned gestational day 10.5 to 14 mouse embryos. Laser scanning confocal micros...