Non-specific adsorption (NSA) of biomolecules is a persistent challenge in microfluidic biosensors. Microfluidic biosensors often have immobilized bioreceptors such as antibodies, enzymes, DNAs, etc, via linker molecules such as SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) to enhance immobilization. However, the linker molecules are very susceptible to NSA, causing false responses and decreasing sensitivit...

The effects of a bismuth surfactant layer on the molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs and InxGa12xAs layers on GaAs ~001! were studied. The InxGa12xAs surface reconstruction changed from arsenic stabilized 234 to bismuth stabilized 133 for high enough bismuth fluxes and low enough substrate temperatures. Maintaining a bismuth stabilized surface during InxGa12xAs growth resulted in a larger number of ...

In this article, simulated/artificial surfaces consisting of perfectly ordered and mounded (perfect) structures defective are characterised through statistical fractal methods. The image sizes designed to mimic atomic force microscopy (AFM) scan area 1 μm2 maximum height features 500 nm. simulated images then using tools such as root mean square average roughness, skewness, kurtosis, pit peaks....

This paper reports the development of a quantitative target approximation (qTA) model for generating F(0) contours of speech. The qTA model simulates the production of tone and intonation as a process of syllable-synchronized sequential target approximation [Xu, Y. (2005). "Speech melody as articulatorily implemented communicative functions," Speech Commun. 46, 220-251]. It adopts a set of biom...

We introduce a method, known as one-dimensional sonomyography (1-D SMG), that uses A-mode ultrasound signals to detect dynamic thickness changes in skeletal muscle during contraction. We custom-designed a 1-D SMG system to collect synchronized A-mode ultrasound, joint angle, and surface electromyography (EMG) signals of forearm muscles during wrist extension. We extracted the 1-D SMG signal fro...

Standing people are exposed to whole-body vibration in many environments. This paper investigates the effects of horizontal whole-body vibration and standing posture on task performance. Sixteen participants were exposed to random vibration (up to 4 Hz) whilst performing a timed pegboard task in two standing postures. Objective and subjective indicators of performance were used. Time taken to c...

The wavefront of an injection-seeded soft x-ray laser beam generated by amplification of high-harmonic pulses in a λ=18.9 nm molybdenum plasma amplifier was measured by a Hartmann wavefront sensor with an accuracy of λ/32 root mean square (rms). A significant improvement in wavefront aberrations of 0.51±0.03λ rms to 0.23±0.01λ rms was observed as a function of plasma column length. The variatio...

Dust storms are devastating natural disasters that cost billions of dollars and many human lives every year. Using the Non-Hydrostatic Mesoscale Dust Model (NMM-dust), this research studies how different spatiotemporal resolutions of two input parameters (soil moisture and greenness vegetation fraction) impact the sensitivity and accuracy of a dust model. Experiments are conducted by simulating...

Electromagnetic tracking devices are widely used in biomechanics. In this article a method is evaluated to construct models of articular surfaces using an electromagnetic tracking device. First, the accuracy of the space tracker was examined and optimised. Then, from several joint surfaces random points were measured and eighth degree polynomials were fitted to these measurements. To check if t...

Thin nanocrystalline Cu-In-S films are prepared by pulsed laser ablation in vacuum with Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm on Si (100) substrates. As a target, a CuInS2 quantum dots powder, synthesized by sonochemical template-free colloidal approach and pressed to form a pellet is used. The structure and morphology of the deposited films were studied employing Xray diffraction, scanning electro...