Background Adolescent athletes are a high-risk population for stress fractures. We report four cases of stress fractures of the second proximal phalanx, which had not been previously diagnosed as the location of the stress fracture of the foot, in teenage athletes. Case report All fractures were on the plantar side of the proximal phalangeal base, and the oblique images of the plain radiograp...

Operative stress may affect haemostatic mechanisms through hormonal systems. As the endocrine stress response to surgery may be modulated by anaesthesia, we have altered stress hormone concentrations by using either opioid or inhalation based anaesthesia to study haemostatic mechanisms in cardiac surgical patients. Thirty patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were allocated randomly to re...

PURPOSE To develop an animal model to assess the stress response to open and laparoscopic surgery. Such a model would allow objective physiologic assessment of the putative benefits of laparoscopy and provide a framework in which to compare modifications in operative and anesthetic technique that might decrease the stress of surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mongrel dogs underwent laparoscopic (...