Low coral islands are heavily dependent on groundwater for freshwater supplies. The availability, quality, and management of groundwater are central to sustainable development and poverty alleviation in many developing small island nations. The declaration by the Government of Kiribati of water reserves on the atoll of Tarawa, over privately owned land, has lead to conflicts, illegal settlement...

This paper describes the integration of Latin American marine fisheries into the global production system in the post-1945 period and the role of foreign and domestic fleets in this process. Through reference to the state-denial theories found in the globalisation literature, it charts the impact that the globalisation process has had upon the exploitation and sustainability of fish stocks in L...

Spatial and temporal trends and variation in life-history traits, including age and length at maturation, can be influenced by environmental and anthropogenic processes, including size-selective exploitation. Spawning adults in many wild Alaskan sockeye salmon populations have become shorter at a given age over the past half-century, but their age composition has not changed. These fish have be...

Fish populations are increasingly affected by multiple human and natural impacts including exploitation, eutrophication, habitat alteration and climate change. As a result many collapsed populations may have to recover in ecosystems whose structure and functioning differ from those in which they were formerly productive and supported sustainable fisheries. Here we investigate how a cod (Gadus m...

Using estimates of the primary production required (PPR) to support fisheries catches (a measure of the footprint of fishing), we analyzed the geographical expansion of the global marine fisheries from 1950 to 2005. We used multiple threshold levels of PPR as percentage of local primary production to define 'fisheries exploitation' and applied them to the global dataset of spatially-explicit ma...

in many arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater resources exploitation is inevitable to meet water demands. this paper aims to study the response of phreatic and confined aquifers in a multilayer groundwater system to climate variability. to achieve this aim, gorgan plain multilayer aquifer has been investigated using different meteorological and hydrological drought indices (di, pni, spi and g...

Strictly speaking, sustainable development requires that human activities are undertaken in such a manner that they do not eliminate options for future generations. Clearly, once a given mineral deposit has been mined to exhaustion, future generations do not have the option of mining it again; hence mining fails to qualify as sustainable development sensu stricto (1). Consequently, mining can o...

Perspectives The sustainable development goals (SDGs), which are defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 1 offer an opportunity to achieve the commitments on the prevention of violence against women made by governments in many previous declarations, resolutions and international agreements. One of the goals related to violence is SDG 5, which addresses gender equality and the em...