label switching technology is a flexible and high performance method for forwarding layer three packets that are mapped to layer two flows. each label switch router, lsr, needs a specific label for every flow, where the number of labels depends on the mapping and granularity of flows. data and control driven methods are the most significant and popular methods in label mapping policy. the above...

This paper studies the mechanism and influencing factors of resonance overvoltage EHV transmission lines caused by lightning. By analyzing time domain steady state simplified circuit, physical is revealed. The characteristics transient process waveform are analyzed using electromagnetic simulation. main amplitude also studied. results show that: 1) During uneven open-phase conditions, resonant ...

this paper presents a novel control method to improve the efficiency of low-voltage dc-dc converters at light loads. pulse width modulation (pwm) converters have poor efficiencies at light loads, while pulse frequency modulation (pfm) control is more efficient for the same cases. switching losses constitute a major portion of the total power loss at light loads. to decrease the switching losses...

During its operation, electrical equipment is constantly exposed to overvoltages of various waveforms, such as lightning discharges, switching operations, faults, etc. Therefore, adequate selection overvoltage protection and insulation withstand voltages are key factors in increasing system reliability. In general, coordination carried out by analyzing the behavior for standard impulse waveform...

Employing high switching speed wide bandgap (WBG) devices improves the efficiency of industrial drive inverters, but can result in motor overvoltages for shorter lengths cable between inverter and motor. These are caused by frequency impedance mismatches resulting reflection voltage pulse edges output. Forwards backwards travelling reflections interfere worst case cause double DC-link to appear...

DC microgrids are highly compatible with photovoltaic (PV) generation because of their direct-current properties. However, the increasing integration PV sources into microgrids, traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms may cause problems such as overvoltage and fluctuation, which makes it challenging to keep stability DC-bus voltage due intermittent stochastic nature PVs. Cons...

This paper introduces a novel non-integral method for calculating AC capacitor voltage in shunt hybrid active power filters (SHAPFs). These commonly use passive (PPFs) that can introduce containing harmonics into the capacitor, leading to overvoltage situations be dangerous. To avoid accidents due overvoltage, it is necessary monitor continuously. The proposed enables calculation of across usin...

Abstract Arrester is used to protect various electrical equipment in the power system from lightning overvoltage, working frequency transient overvoltage impact and damage. Zinc oxide arrester widely system. Creepage distance a necessary item of performance test. It project for factory testing centralized network access testing. At present, measurement creepage mainly adopts artificial method p...