نتایج جستجو برای: synaptic terminal
تعداد نتایج: 207353 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Neocortico-thalamo-cortical loops represent a common, yet poorly understood, circuit employing giant synapses also referred to as "class I", giant, or driver synapses. Here, we characterize a giant synapse formed by projection neurons of the paleocortical piriform cortex (PIR) onto neurons of the mediodorsal thalamus (MD). Three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure of labeled PIR-MD terminals, obtai...
Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse at active zones (AZs) covered by a protein scaffold, at Drosophila synapses comprised of ELKS family member Bruchpilot (BRP) and RIM-binding protein (RBP). We here demonstrate axonal co-transport of BRP and RBP using intravital live imaging, with both proteins co-accumulating in axonal aggregates of several transport mutants. RBP, via its C-terminal Src-homology 3 (...
Glycerotoxin (GLTx), a large neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the sea worm Glycera convoluta, promotes a long-lasting increase in spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the peripheral and central synapses by selective activation of Ca(v)2.2 channels. We found that GLTx stimulates the very high frequency, long-lasting (more than 10 hours) spontaneous release of acetylcholine by promoting n...
Neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal is under very precise spatial and temporal control. Following neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicles are recycled by endocytosis and refilled with neurotransmitter. During the exocytosis event leading to release, SNARE proteins provide most of the mechanical force for membrane fusion. Here, we show one of these proteins, Syntaxin1A, is...
Synaptotagmins 1 and 7 are candidate Ca(2+) sensors for exocytosis localized to synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes, respectively. We now show that the N-terminal intraluminal sequence of synaptotagmin 1, when transplanted onto synaptotagmin 7, redirects synaptotagmin 7 from the plasma membrane to secretory vesicles. Conversely, mutation of the N-terminal N-glycosylation site of synaptotagmi...
Dynamic regulation of AMPA-type receptors at the synapse is proposed to play a critical role in alterations of the synaptic strength seen in cellular models of learning and memory such as long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Stargazin, previously identified as an AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-interacting protein, is critical for surface expression and synaptic targeting of AMPARs. Stargazin inter...
Adenosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP were tested for their ability to modulate evoked quantal transmitter release at excitor-opener nerve terminals in the crayfish walking leg. Only ATP was found to have a significant effect, inhibiting release by 43%. To determine whether the effects of extracellular ATP on transmitter release were related to changes in free Ca2+ levels in the nerve terminal, net 45Ca...
Hormonal regulation in development and maintenance of synaptic transmission involves examination of both the presynaptic and postsynaptic components and a system in which the hormones can be controlled. We used the ecdysoneless heat-sensitive mutation (l(3)ecd(1)/l(3)ecd(1)) of Drosophila to provide the ability to regulate endogenous ecdysone production at various larval stages. In conjunction,...
To extend the usefulness of rod bipolar cells for studies of chemical synaptic transmission, we have performed electrophysiological recordings from rod bipolar axon terminals in an in vitro slice preparation of the rat retina. Whole cell recordings from axon terminals and cell bodies were used to investigate the passive membrane properties of rod bipolar cells and analyzed with a two-compartmen...
The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) package glutamate into synaptic vesicles, and the two principal isoforms VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 have been suggested to influence the properties of release. To understand how a VGLUT isoform might influence transmitter release, we have studied their trafficking and previously identified a dileucine-like endocytic motif in the C terminus of VGLUT1. Disrupt...
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