Gastric pneumatosis is extremely rare during infancy. It has been reported in association with necrotizing enterocolitis or congenital abnormalities such as pyloric stenosis. Here, we report a case of gastric pneumatosis in a premature neonate on synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. No pneumatosis was noted in the rest of the bowel or esophagus. There could have been m...

The purpose of this monograph is to describe noninvasive management of respiratory muscle weakness/paralysis for patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) assists and supports inspiratory muscles, whereas mechanically assisted coughing (MAC) simulates an effective cough. Long-term outcomes will be reviewed as well as the use of NIV, MA...

BACKGROUND Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) results in dysfunction of vital organs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical ventilation mode on IAP. METHODS In a cohort study, a total of 60 patients aged 20-70 years who were admitted to the ICU and underwent mechanical ventilation were recruited. Mechanical ventilation included one of the three modes: Bip...

OBJECTIVES To review the arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO(2)) in newborn infants ventilated using synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) in volume guarantee mode (using the Dräger Babylog 8000+) with a unit policy targeting tidal volumes of approximately 4 mL/kg. METHODS Data on ventilator settings and arterial PaCO(2) levels were collected on all arterial blood gases (A...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) during weaning, by measurement of the pressure time product (PTP). The PTP is an estimate of the metabolic work or oxygen consumption of the respiratory muscles. PATIENTS Forty children, median age 14 months (range 1 month to 17 years) were studied immediate...

background: nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nippv) is a non-invasive ventilatory mode, which delivers mechanical ventilation via nasal tubes or prongs. the present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of nippv and nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (ncpap) in reducing the need for intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (rds)....

When patients breathe spontaneously through a ventilator circuit, a fall in airway pressure during the inspiratory cycle may increase inspiratory effort. A system of delivery which incorporates a distensible reservoir bag and delivers a constant flow of gas that is two or three times the patient's minute volume will prevent a significant drop in inspiratory airway pressure. Unfortunately, the c...

conclusions: in the present study, applying positive airway pressure methods (cpap or imv) during cpb was associated with better postoperative abg measurements and (a-a) do2. results: the demographic data were similar in between three groups. graft number, pump time and preoperative abgs were not significantly different. postoperative pao2 were significantly higher in the cpap and imv groups an...

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is inverse ratio, pressure controlled, intermittent mandatory ventilation with unrestricted spontaneous breathing. It is based on the principle of open lung approach. It has many purported advantages over conventional ventilation, including alveolar recruitment, improved oxygenation, preservation of spontaneous breathing, improved hemodynamics, and po...

BACKGROUND Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) facilitates ventilator liberation in postoperative patients in surgical intensive care units (ICU). Whether ASV has similar benefits in patients with acute respiratory failure is unclear. METHODS We conducted a pilot study in a medical ICU that manages approximately 600 mechanically ventilated patients a year. The ICU has one respiratory therapist...