The wheat production in midland China is under serious threat by frequent Dry-Hot Wind (DHW) episodes with high temperature, low moisture and specific wind as well as intensive heat transfer and evapotranspiration. The numerical simulations of these episodes are important for monitoring grain yield and estimating agricultural water demand. However, uncertainties still remain despite that enormo...

The work examines the seasonality and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with debris-flow occurrence in the Trentino–Alto Adige region (eastern Italian Alps). Analysis is based on classification algorithms applied to a uniquely dense archive of debris flows and hourly rain gauge precipitation series covering the period 2000–2009. Results highlight the seasonal and synoptic ...

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of variability in the tropical atmosphere on intraseasonal timescales and planetary spatial scales. Despite the primary importance of the MJO and the decades of research progress since its original discovery, a generally accepted theory for its essential mechanisms has remained elusive. Here, we present a minimal dynamical model for the M...

Setting priorities for protection and restoration efforts is necessary whenever resources are not sufficient to target all sites simultaneously. When this occurs priorities should be set to maximize the ecological benefit gained from available resources. Prioritizing protection and restoration efforts in this fashion is hampered, however, by a lack of information that can be used by resource ma...

The zonal structure and dynamics of the dipolar patterns of intraseasonal variability in the extratropical atmosphere—namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the so-called annular modes of variability—are investigated in an idealized general circulation model. Particular attention is focused on the relationships linking the zonal structure of the stationary waves, synoptic variability ...

In order to address the difficult issue of forecasting snowfall amounts for the general public, forecasters must be intimately familiar with the climatological behavior of snowfall events and associated snowfall-to-liquid (SL) precipitation ratios that accompany events impacting the region. In Southwest Missouri, an average of 4 to 5 snowfall events of 3 inches or more occurred every year withi...

The RHESSI mission includes precise astrometric measurements of the solar limb shape at optical wavelengths as a part of its aspect-determination system. These data have precisions below 1 mas and extend over the full lifetime of the mission (from February, 2002). Synoptic maps of the limb shape reveal facular regions as increases, and sunspots as decreases, in the apparent radius. We compare t...