Six different distance determination methods of Virgo cluster members yield a mean distance modulus of (m−M)Virgo = 31.60±0.09 (20.9±0.9 Mpc). This value can be carried out to ∼ > 10 000 km s−1 by means of 31 clusters whose distances are well known relative to the Virgo cluster. They yield H0 = 56± 4 (random error) ±6 (systematic error), independent of local streaming motions.

A simple modification of the "Wang-Landau sampling" algorithm removes the systematic error that occurs at the boundary of the range of energy over which the random walk takes place in the original algorithm.

Clinical epidemiology is the science of human disease investigation. It has a broad scope, ranging from the study of disease occurrence and prognosis to diagnostic and management options. This series of articles will discuss general and specific issues related to the design, analysis and interpretation of studies using nephrology examples. This first paper introduces general issues of ‘definiti...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the benefit of an on-line correction protocol based on implanted markers and weekly portal imaging in external beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer. To compare the use of bony anatomy versus implanted markers for calculation of setup-error plus/minus prostate movement. To estimate the error reduction (and the corresponding margin reduction) by reducing the total error to ...

Uncertainty concerning the measurement error properties of self-reported diet has important implications for the reliability of nutritional epidemiology reports. Biomarkers based on the urinary recovery of expended nutrients can provide an objective measure of short-term nutrient consumption for certain nutrients and, when applied to a subset of a study cohort, can be used to calibrate correspo...

Error is an inevitable part of life and cannot be completely eliminated, but it can be minimized. A root cause analysis is a technique for understanding the systematic error causes that is involved beyond a person or people to implement an errors and including field and environmental causes of errors when occur in this situation too. An important factor of an error occurrence is a root cause (c...

In saccade sequences without visual feedback endpoint errors pose a problem for subsequent saccades. Accurate error compensation has previously been demonstrated in double step saccades (DSS) and is thought to rely on a copy of the saccade motor vector. However, these studies typically use fixed target vectors on each trial, calling into question the generalizability of the findings due to the ...

Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) has been widely used to evaluate accuracy of community detection algorithms. In this notes we show that NMI is seriously affected by systematic error due to finite size of networks, and may give wrong estimate of performance of algorithms in some cases. A simple expression for the estimate of this error is derived and tested numerically. We suggest to use a n...