Oxazoline is one of the 5 membered heterocycle ring can be synthesized in many ways and various activities like analgesic, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity are well documented. In the present study analgesic activity screened by tail flick and tail immersion model.The synthesized compounds are ideally characterized spectrophotometrically. Chlorinated and methoxylated oxazolines found to ...

The analgesic effect and possible mechanism(s) of action of 50-200 mg/kg of the aqueous seed extract of H. umbellata (HU) were investigated in different experimental models of analgesia using the tail flick, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing tests and formalin-induced algesia. Oral pre-treatment with 50-200 mg/kg of HU caused significant and dose related analgesic effect in the treat...

Experiments were carried out with Sw albino mice and it was concluded that the percutaneous route via abdominal skin was significatively more efficient than tail immersion method and subcutaneous infection; the subcutaneous injection was significatively more efficient than the percutaneous infection through the tail; this latter and the intraperitoneal injection, resulted in similar infections,...

Evidence is presented that a polygalacturonic acid derivative (Stypturon) when administered intravenously to rats in nn optimal dosage results in concomitant diminution of blood loss from experimental injury to the tail. Mortality rate associated with hemorrhagic shock was significantly reduced. Blood coagulation was inhibited at the site of injury by immersion of the traumatized tail in an ant...

We shall be testing hypotheses about the population mean (it is assumed we know the variance of the population). We shall fail to reject the hypotesis if the obseved sample mean (x-bar) is close to the hypothesized population mean (μ). We will shall reject the hypothesis if the observed sample mean (x-bar) is far from the hypothesized population mean (μ). Distance will be measured in standard d...

Background The aim of this paper is to explore how contextualization of a healthcare simulation scenarios impacts immersion, by using a novel objective instrument, the Immersion Score Rating Instrument. This instrument consists of 10 triggers that indicate reduced or enhanced immersion among participants in a simulation scenario. Triggers refer to events such as jumps in time or space (sign of ...

BACKGROUND Hybanthus enneaspermus (HE) leaves are being used traditionally to relieve pain, and scientific studies have demonstrated their analgesic potential. This study attempted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in the analgesic action of ethanol extract of H. enneaspermus leaves (EEHE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats were separately randomized into s...

The present study examined the role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in the modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release by morphine. We examined the effect of morphine on the release of ACh in the RVLM of freely moving rats using the in vivo microdialysis method. The basal level of ACh was 303.0 +/- 28.2 fmol/20 microliter/15 min in the presence of neostigmine (10 microM). Morphine at ...

Adenanthera pavonina is a deciduous tree commonly used in the traditional medicine to treat inflammation and rheumatism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of ethanol extract of leaves of A. pavonina (EEAP). EEAP was investigated using various nociceptive models induced thermally or chemically in mice including hot plate and tail immersion test, acetic acid-induc...