Detection and elimination of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on recognition of virus-derived peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. A critical step in this process is the translocation of peptides from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). Here, we identified the bovine herpesvirus 1-encoded UL49.5...

Subcostal transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block anesthetizes area of the abdomen with cutaneous innervation of T6-T10 dermatomes. These abdominal field blocks become very advantageous when cardiac patient presents for noncardiac surgeries as sole anesthetic or as a part of multimodal anesthesia. A 58-year-male came for open surgical repair of subxiphoid incisional hernia developed post coronar...

Pain management is crucially important in the postoperative period as it increases patient comfort and satisfaction. The primary outcome of present study was to evaluate the effect of sufentanil added to hyperbaric bupivacaine solution 0.25% in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, on postoperative analgesic consumption. Fifty ASA physical status I-II term primiparous single-tone pregnant wo...

Using coherent optical detection and digital signal processing, laser phase noise and equalization enhanced phase noise can be effectively mitigated using the feed-forward and feed-back carrier phase recovery approaches. In this paper, theoretical analyses of feed-back and feed-forward carrier phase recovery methods have been carried out in the long-haul high-speed n-level phase shift keying (n...

INTRODUCTION The anterolateral abdominal wall is innervated by the T7 to L1 anterior rami, whose nerves travel in the fascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles, known as the transversus abdominus plane (TAP). Ultrasound-guided techniques of regional anesthesia that target the TAP are increasingly relied upon by anesthesiologists for pain management related to ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks anesthetize the lower abdominal wall, and TAP catheters have been used to provide prolonged postoperative analgesia after laparotomy. The use of TAP catheters on an outpatient basis has not yet been described. We present our experience with ultrasound-guided TAP perineural catheter insertion and subsequent management of ambulato...

BACKGROUND Any landmark-based regional anaesthetic technique raises two important issues. The first is the accuracy of placement of the needle and thus the local anaesthetic in a 'blind' technique and the second is the potential for damage to adjacent structures. We designed a prospective, blinded study in an adult general surgical population to evaluate with ultrasound the placement of the nee...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block can be used as part of a multimodal analgesia protocol after abdominal surgery. This study investigated whether a pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery influences the spread of local anesthetics. METHODS Nine fresh frozen cadavers were used for the study. Using an ultrasound-guided midaxillary technique, a unilateral TA...

We read with interest the work by Urfalıoğlu and colleagues about ultrasound-guided versus surgical transversus abdominis plane block in obese patients. The conclusion of this study is that ultrasound guided and surgical TAP blocks were safe and had similar efficacy in providing post-operative analgesia in obese pregnant women following cesarean section. We agree that TAP block, surgical or ult...

to evaluate the effects of on-farm seed priming treatments and sowing dates on rate and percentage of seedling emergence, biological yield and some physiological indices of corn hybrid (sc. 260) an experiment was conducted in hamedan, iran in 2010. a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. main plots include three sowing dates (early, on-time and ...