Protein tau-3R/4R isoform ratio and phosphorylation regulates binding to microtubules and, when disturbed by aging or mutations, results in diverse tauopathies and in neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms were studied here in three transgenic mouse strains with identical genetic background, all expressing the tau-4R/2N isoform driven specifically in neurons by the thy1 gene promoter. Two...

A fast (Tau(response) <90 fs) free-electron spin-f lipping frequency-degenerate nonlinearity with a signif icant value of|chi((3))(xxyy)(omega,omega,omega,-omega)chi((3))(xxyy)(omega,omega,omega,-omega)|~10(-)(8)esu has been observed in bulk gold at 1260 nm by use of a new pump-probe polarization-sensitive technique.

This Fifth International WEIN Symposium is devoted to physics beyond the standard model. This talk is about tau lepton physics, but I begin with the question: do we know how to nd new physics in the world of elementary par-ticles? This question is interwoven with the various tau physics topics. These topics are: searching for unexpected tau decay modes; searching for additional tau decay mechan...

Recent evidence suggests that tau aggregates are not only neurotoxic, but also propagate in neurons acting as a seed for native tau aggregation. Prion-like tau transmission is now considered as an important pathogenic mechanism driving the progression of tau pathology in the brain. However, prion-like tau species have not been clearly characterized. To identify infectious tau conformers, here w...

$\mbox{CP}$-odd asymmetries in the processes $e^+e^-\rightarrow \tau^+\pi^-\nu_\tau$, \pi^+\tau^-\bar\nu_ \tau$, \tau^+\rho^-\nu_\tau$, \rho^+\tau^-\bar\nu_\tau $, $e^+e^-\to \tau^+e^-\nu_\tau{\bar\nu}_e\,,\,$ and $\,e^+e^-\to \tau^-e^+\nu_e{\bar\nu}_\tau$ are investigated with account for longitudinal polarization of electron (or positron) beam. These is a manifestation electric dipole form fa...

BACKGROUND A method capable of determining atherosclerotic plaque composition and measuring plaque viscoelasticity can provide valuable insight into intrinsic features associated with plaque rupture and can enable the identification of high-risk lesions. In this article, we describe a new optical technique, laser speckle imaging (LSI), that measures an index of plaque viscoelasticity. We evalua...

Tau aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD (Alzheimer's disease), although the mechanism underlying tau aggregation remains unclear. Recent studies show that the proteolysis of tau plays an important role in both tau aggregation and neurodegeneration. On one hand, truncation of tau may generate amyloidogenic tau fragments that initiate the aggregation of t...

Phosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated protein tau accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. To investigate the effects of specific phosphorylated tau residues on its function, wild type or phosphomutant tau was expressed in cells. Elevated tau phosphorylation decreased its microtubule binding and bundling, and increased the number of motile tau particles, without af...

Human neuroblastoma cells, LAN, were used to study the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau proteins. These cells contained mainly a form of tau comparable to fetal brain tau in molecular weight (55 kDa). Neuroblastoma tau reacted with antibodies that recognize epitopes spanning the whole tau molecule (E-1, Alz50, Tau-1, and Tau46), and antibodies (PHF-1, NP8, and T3P) that recognize hy...

The nature of "toxic" tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been unclear. During pathogenesis, the importance of tau oligomerization vs. tau phosphorylation is controversial and the investigation of both remains critical toward defining the "toxicity" of tau. The phosphorylation of tau on serines and/or threonines occurs early in the disease course and altering phosphorylation has been shown to d...