The editors of Cell Biology Education requested a perspective on the math that biologists should know. As it happens, Science magazine just provided such perspective, superbly, when it published on Feburary 4 a number of thoughtful articles on math and biology. One, by Bialek and Botstein (2004), describes what would amount to comprehensive curriculum reforms to better integrate mathematics int...

This study focuses on the differences between stubborn sets and other partial order methods. First a major problem with step graphs is pointed out with an example. Then the deadlock-preserving stubborn set method is compared to the deadlock-preserving ample set and persistent set methods. Next, conditions are discussed whose purpose is to ensure that the reduced state space preserves the orderi...

A multimodal dialogue system which answers user questions in natural speech presents one of the main achievements of contemporary interaction-based AI technology. To allow for an intuitive, multimodal, task-based dialogue, the following must be employed: more than explicit models of the discourse of the interaction, the available information material, the domain of interest, the task, and/or mo...

In teacher education at universities, general pedagogical and psychological principles are often treated separately from subject matter knowledge and therefore run the risk of not being applied in the teaching subject. In an experimental study (N = 60 mathematics student teachers) we investigated the effects of providing aspects of general pedagogical/psychological knowledge (PPK) and pedagogic...

Lost in Translation? Teacher Training and Outcomes in High School Economics Classes Using data on 24 teachers and 982 students from a 2006 survey of California high school economics classes, we assess the effects of student and teacher characteristics on student achievement. We estimate value-added models of outcomes on multiple choice and essay exams, with matched classroom pairs for each teac...

there is a growing interest among the higher education principals and policy makers to improve teacher evaluation methods and more important than that to use the evaluation data. a number of research studies implied the ineffective instruction of esp courses in iran (atai, 2002; eslami, 2005; hayati, 2008; ahmadi, 2008; sherkatolabbasi & mahdavi, 2012; boniadi, ghojazadeh & rahmatvand, ...

The basic discrimination of friend and foe was likely one of the earliest interpersonal judgments to evolve (e.g., O’Sullivan, 2003). Such decisions had to occur rapidly, perhaps intuitively, to inform the best course of action for survival. Intuitive interpersonal decisions appear to be based largely on the face, which acts as the display board on which emotions and intentions are communicated...

The interpretation of the Al-Qur'an does not only come from narrations, but also ratio or ijtihad, and intuition inspiration whose methods are difficult to find, because they transcendent. This explanation is background author who will conduct research with aim knowing practice carried out by Tabi'in. It shows fact that Tabi'in uses in interpreting verse. method used this qualitative type libra...