Purpose: In this prospective study we show the influence of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (IPL) on tear osmolarity, an increasingly important metric of dry eye disease. Previous studies have measured the effectiveness IPL has had on other metrics including tear break up time (TBUT), lipid layer grade (LLG), tear evaporation rate (TER), tear meniscus height (TMH), and subjective responses from pa...

Purpose. To determine the serum levels of sex steroids and tear matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 concentrations in postmenopausal women with dry eye. Methods. Forty-four postmenopausal women with dry eye and 22 asymptomatic controls were enrolled. Blood was drawn and analyzed for serum levels of sex steroids and lipids. Then, the following tests were performed: tear collection, Ocular Su...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate dry eye disease (DED) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and compare with healthy individuals. METHODS The study was conducted in the Ophthalmology and Endocrinology Department of Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, a tertiary care center in Istanbul, Turkey, between January and December 2015. In this prospective case-controlled study, dry eye disease test...

AIMS To evaluate the role of 17-β-oestradiol, oestrone and total testosterone (TT) deficiency in the pathogenesis of severe evaporative dry eye syndrome (DES), investigating the relationship between tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), Schirmer test and serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. METHODS 44 postmenopausal women were recruited for a case-control study: 22 women w...

Aim: Today, antidepressants, which are frequently prescribed by physicians for different purposes, have various effects on ocular tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the agents cornea and surface. 
 Material-Methods: For purpose, 50 healthy controls 336 patients were included in study. Results: Compared control group, all patient groups had higher OSDI scores staining scores, a l...

PURPOSE To compare dry eye signs and symptoms between patients with preoperative low and normal Schirmer test after Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS In this prospective, nonrandomized, comparative case series, 76 eyes of 76 patients were preoperatively categorized into two groups according to selected criteria for characterization of tear film status: the low Schirmer test value (ST...

Purpose: Not much attention is given to evaluation of ocular surface abnormalities in diabetics. This study has been carried out evaluate factors like age, sex, duration diabetes causing dry eye type 2 diabetics along with tear film stability using various tests Schirmers test and Tear break up time. Materials Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 50 patients were examined, who ...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy, safety, and local tolerance between carbomer-based artificial tears, cellulose-, and mineral oil-based artificial tears. METHODS A randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative 28-day study was designed for 67 patients who were randomized into three treatment groups. Measurements included the scoring of total subjective symptoms and objective signs, Schir...

INTRODUCTION Diabetes may affect the human body's systems and organs, including the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is the 5th leading cause of blindness globally. Diabetic subjects demonstrated dry eye symptoms that were also supported by the low values of the clinical tests. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the dry eye symptoms and signs between diabetics and non-diabetics and tear functions b...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of ocular surface disease (OSD) and to determine the effects of topical pressure-lowering drugs on ocular surface disease in primary angle closure patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients (Group A) with primary angle closure and primary angle closure suspect (Group B). Group A wa...