Of all the patients who present with bladder cancer, approximately 75–85% present with disease confined to the mucosa (stage Tis carcinoma in situ [CIS] or stage Ta) or submucosa (stage T1). These groups of bladder cancer are referred to as non–muscleinvasive or superficial bladder cancer, in contrast with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage T2, or advanced stage T3–T4). These anatomic classi...

Microsatellites (SSR--simple sequence repeats, STR--short tandem repeats, SSLP--simple sequence length polymorphism, VNTR--variable number of tandem repeats) are the class of repetitive DNA sequences present in all living organisms. Particular characteristics of microsatellites, such as their presence in the genomes of all living organisms, high level of allelic variation, co-dominant mode of i...

Twenty-nine human microsatellite primer pairs were screened for their utility in the cross-species amplification of baboon DNA derived from both blood and feces as part of a larger study to identify paternal half sisters in a population of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Forty-one percent (12/29) of the human primers successfully amplified baboon DNA. Of these 12 primers, six amplified fragm...

aim : in this study, genetic polymorphism of two trna-liked short tandem repeat (str)-containing loci, r-r and s-q, was analyzed in order to clarify further the genotypic differences among e. dispar isolates. background : entamoeba dispar is closely related to the human pathogen e. histolytica , the agent of amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscesses. e. dispar is, to some extent, capable of p...

The helical ribosome structures of Mycoplasma gallisepticum have been analyzed by optical diffraction and the rotational symmetry technique. The helix repeat (510 A) is composed of 10 ribosomes in 3 turns. The rotational studies show some ribosome fine structure.

Site fidelity is common among migratory cetaceans, including humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). In the Northern Hemisphere it has been found that fidelity to humpback whale feeding grounds is transferred maternally but this has never been shown for the species in the Southern Hemisphere. We examined this in a unique feeding area off west South Africa using resighting data of 68 individua...

Severe glaucoma was controlled in all 13 cases following insertion of a Molteno drain in a single stage procedure. One eye required a repeat operation. A modified technique to minimise early postoperative hypotony and prevent flat anterior chambers is described.

introduction: polymorphism in genes involved in folate metabolism may cotribute to the susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). patients and methods : to examine the influence of polymorphism in thymidylate synthase (ts 28-bp repeat) and methionine synthase (ms a2756g) genes on the susceptibility to all, 73 children with all and 128 age and gender matched, unrelated healthy individ...

introduction: survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) containing one baculoviral iap repeat (bir) domain, has been reported to be able to regulate both cellular proliferation and apoptotic cell death. in the present study, we evaluated the differential expression of different variants of survivin during prenatal and postnatal development of brain in mice. material and methods a total of 27 nm...